Identifying optimal serum 1,3-β-D-Glucan cut-off for diagnosing Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in non-HIV patients in the intensive care unit.

Background: Serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) detection for diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunocompromised patients lacks intensive care unit (ICU)-specific data. We aimed to assess its performance and determine the optimal cutoff for PJP in ICU population.

Methods: This retrospective study included critically ill non-HIV immunocompromised patients admitted to a medical ICU with suspected pneumonia, undergoing simultaneous microbiological testing for P.

Impact of Immunosuppressed Status on Prognosis of Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms Bloodstream Infections.

Introduction: The impact of immunosuppression on prognosis of carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) bloodstream infection (BSI) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between immunosuppression and mortality of CRO-BSI and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality in immunosuppressed patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 279 patients with CRO-BSI from January 2018 to March 2023.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for detecting pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The identification of by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) remains a challenging task due to the difficulty of nucleic acid extraction. The objective of this study was to determine whether mNGS could provide an accurate and efficient method for detecting invasive pulmonary (IPA) in immunocompromised patients (ICP).

Methods: A total of 133 ICP admitted to the ICU between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled in the study, of which 46 were diagnosed with IPA and 87 were non-IPA cases.

In-vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected in the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) between 2016 and 2019 in China.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (an antipseudomonal cephalosporin) in combination with a well-established β-lactamase inhibitor has not been approved to date in clinical practice in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparator agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with various resistance patterns. P.

Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation.

The polymyxins are important antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. In 2020, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute modified the clinical breakpoints for polymyxin susceptibility test by eliminating the "susceptible" interpretive category, only reporting intermediate (≤2 mg/L) and resistant (≥4 mg/L). However, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommended the use of clinical breakpoints of ≤2 mg/L as susceptible and >2 mg/L as resistant.

A Novel Transferable Resistance-Nodulation-Division Pump Gene Cluster, , Confers Tigecycline Resistance in Raoultella ornithinolytica.

We recently identified a novel plasmid-mediated resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pump gene cluster, , in that conferred resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including tigecycline. While homologs of were found encoded in many other bacterial species in GenBank, their functions and transfer mechanisms remain unknown. This study identified another mobile gene cluster, , co-occurring on both a plasmid (pHNNC189-2) and the chromosome of a clinical isolate, strain NC189, producing KPC-2, NDM-1, and RmtC.

A national survey on fungal infection diagnostic capacity in the clinical mycology laboratories of tertiary care hospitals in China.

Background/purpose: As the incidence of fungal infections in China increases, the demand for rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycoses is growing. Yet, information on current diagnostic capacity is scarce.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in February 2018 to collect information on mycology testing from tertiary care hospitals across China.

The tcdA-negative and tcdB-positive Clostridium difficile ST81 clone exhibits a high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones: a multi-centre study in Beijing, China.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide. In order to gain a better understanding about the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in Beijing, China, molecular typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and drug resistance gene sequencing were performed on 174 strains of C.

Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).

Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare threat. The current method of detection involves a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based technique, which identifies the viral nucleic acids when present in sufficient quantity. False-negative results can be achieved and failure to quarantine the infected patient would be a major setback in containing the viral transmission.

Activity of a New Fourth-Generation Cephalosporin, Cefoselis, Against Clinically Important Bacterial Pathogens in China.

The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the activity of cefoselis and other comparators against common bacterial pathogens collected from 18 hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Cefoselis showed poor activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing , , and , with susceptibility rates of < 10% each, while the susceptibility rates of this antibiotic against non-ESBL-producing strains of these organisms were 100%, 94.

[Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Disseminated Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Disease].

Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics and the prognosis of disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)diseases in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)negative patients. Methods Cases of disseminated NTM disease were retrospectively collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to October 2018.Clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,treatment,and prognosis of these cases were retrieved from the electronic medical record system.

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Bloodstream Infection in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Beijing, China.

Background: Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) bloodstream infection (BSI) is relatively rare. We aimed in this study to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory evaluation, and outcomes of patients with NTM BSI.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of inpatients with NTM BSI at our institution between January 2008 and January 2015 and recorded clinical parameters including age, gender, underlying disease, clinical manifestation, organs involved with NTM disease, species of NTM, laboratory data, treatment and outcome of these patients.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China: a review of two multicentre surveillance programmes, and application of revised CLSI susceptibility breakpoints.

The aim of this study was to review the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China from two nationwide surveillance programmes, namely Surveillance by Etest and Agar Dilution of Nationwide Isolate Resistance (SEANIR) and the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). A total of 1479 and 187 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected in SEANIR 2005-2008 and SMART 2008-2010, respectively.

[The microbiological and clinical analysis of bloodstream infections with identifiable sources].

Objective: To evaluate the microbial spectrum and clinical characteristics of microbiological diagnosed bloodstream infections (BSI) with identified infective sources.

Methods: The hospitalized patients microbiologically diagnosed as BSI with identified infective sources were included in this study from January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected retrospectively and analyzed by software SPSS 17.

[Clinical analysis of adult primary bloodstream infection].

Objective: Evaluate the microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of primary bloodstream infections as well as the associated patients' clinical features at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Method: Microbiological and clinical data of the adult patients with primary bloodstream infections during January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2009 were retrospectively collected and evaluated. Pearson χ(2) test was used to compare the difference between proportions and Logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis.

[Antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens isolated from adults in China during 2009 and 2010].

Objective: To investigate the drug-resistance rates of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens isolated from adults in China during 2009 and 2010.

Methods: A total of 1793 strains (S. aureus 421, S.

Identification of zRAP55,a gene preponderantly expressed in Stages I and II oocytes of zebrafish.

In an in silico search for gonand specific expressed genes, we have identified zRAP55 which is enriched in the ovary of zebrafish . zRAP55 encodes a protein of 382 amino acids with a highly conserved Lsm domain. zRAP55 protein shares more than 56% identities with that of other vertebrate species.

[Resistance study of community respiratory pathogens isolated in China from 2005 to 2007].

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of community respiratory pathogens isolated in China.

Methods: The strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, S. pyogenes were isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections at 14 Chinese hospitals from 2005 to 2007.