Molecular Trade-Offs between Lattice Oxygen and Oxygen Vacancy Drive Organic Pollutant Degradation in Fungal Biomineralized Exoskeletons.

Fungal-mineral interactions can effectively alleviate cellular stress from organic pollutants, the production of which are expected to rapidly increase owing to the Earth moving into an unprecedented geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The underlying mechanisms that may enable fungi to combat organic pollution during fungal-mineral interactions remain unclear. Inspired by the natural fungal sporulation process, we demonstrate for the first time that fungal biomineralization triggers the formation of an ultrathin (hundreds of nanometers thick) exoskeleton, enriched in nanosized iron (oxyhydr)oxides and biomolecules, on the hyphae.

[Effects of reducing chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers on soil microbial community in litchi orchards].

Organic fertilizer application can replace a part of chemical fertilizer (CF) to improve the quality and efficiency of litchi production. To further explore the soil microbiological mechanism, with 19-year-old 'Feizixiao' litchi trees as the research objects, we examined the effects of two consecutive years of reduced CF applications (average 21.5% of total nutrients) combined with sheep manure (OF) and bio-organic fertilizers (BIO) on soil microbial diversity, community composition and differential microorganisms.

[Effects of lime and ammonium carbonate fumigation coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application on banana fusarium wilt and bacterial community.].

Taking banana continuous planting soil with high banana fusarium wilt disease incidence as a test site, we examined the effect of lime and ammonium carbonate fumigation coupled with bio-organic fertilizer on the suppression of banana fusarium wilt disease and the structure and composition of bacterial community, using real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the disease incidence was reduced by 13.3% and 21.

High-throughput absolute quantification sequencing reveals the effect of different fertilizer applications on bacterial community in a tomato cultivated coastal saline soil.

Coastal saline soil is an important reserve land resource that has high potential for agricultural utilization. The present study adopted a high-throughput absolute quantification 16S rRNA sequencing method to investigate the effect of four different fertilization regimes (namely 100% of bio-organic fertilizer, 70% of bio-organic fertilizer +30% of chemical fertilizer, 30% of bio-organic fertilizer +70% of chemical fertilizer, and 100% of chemical fertilizer) on bacterial community assembly in a tomato cultivated saline soil. The results from the field experiment showed that a combination of 70% bio-organic fertilizer plus 30% of chemical fertilizer was the optimal dose to develop tomato cultivation (for improving yield and fruit quality) in this coastal tidal zone.

[Effects of lime-ammonium bicarbonate fumigation and biofertilizer application on Fusarium wilt and biomass of continuous cropping cucumber and watermelon.].

In this study, the population size of soil microbes was determined using plate counting method after the application of lime-ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation. In addition, biofertilizer was applied after soil fumigation and population of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium wilt disease control efficiency and plant biomass were determined in the cucumber and watermelon continuous cropping soil. The results showed that the population of F.

[Development of a new type of biological organic fertilizer and its effect on the growth promotion of tomato].

The objective of this study was to improve the ability of sporulation production of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 under solid state fermentation by using rice straw and amino acids as resources, and the fermentation products were used as inoculants of the organic fertilizers adding with different ratios of amino acids solution to develop a new type of biological organic fertilizer. The results indicated that the optimal condition for sporulation by T. guizhouense NJAU4742 was soaking in 30 times diluted amino acid solution for one whole night, with initial pH 3.

Probiotic Diversity Enhances Rhizosphere Microbiome Function and Plant Disease Suppression.

Unlabelled: Bacterial communities associated with plant roots play an important role in the suppression of soil-borne pathogens, and multispecies probiotic consortia may enhance disease suppression efficacy. Here we introduced defined Pseudomonas species consortia into naturally complex microbial communities and measured the importance of Pseudomonas community diversity for their survival and the suppression of the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in the tomato rhizosphere microbiome. The survival of introduced Pseudomonas consortia increased with increasing diversity.

Changes in antibiotic concentrations and antibiotic resistome during commercial composting of animal manures.

The over-use of antibiotics in animal husbandry in China and the concomitant enhanced selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manures are of serious concern. Thermophilic composting is an effective way of reducing hazards in organic wastes. However, its effectiveness in antibiotic degradation and ARG reduction in commercial operations remains unclear.

Altering Transplantation Time to Avoid Periods of High Temperature Can Efficiently Reduce Bacterial Wilt Disease Incidence with Tomato.

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium is a severe problem in Southern China, where relatively high environmental temperatures commonly prevails during the crop seasons. Previous research has indicated that bacterial wilt disease incidence generally increases during the warm months of summer leading to reduced tomato yield. Moreover, the efficacy of bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs)-organic compost fortified with pathogen-suppressive bacteria-is often lost during the periods of high environmental temperatures.

[Control of continuous potato monoculture barrier via biological soil disinfestation method in Yellow River irrigation areas of central Gansu Province, Northwest China].

The potential of biological soil disinfestation (BSD) in control of continuous potato monoculture barrier was investigated in present study. BSD involves the induction of soil reduction conditions through incorporation of easily decomposed organic materials into soil, flooding the soil by irrigation, and covering the soil surface with plastic film. Control (CK) was left without cover and organic amendment as well as flooding.

Solubilisation of Phosphate and Micronutrients by Trichoderma harzianum and Its Relationship with the Promotion of Tomato Plant Growth.

Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T037 is a biocontrol agent that has been shown to enhance the uptake of nutrients (macro- and microelements) by plants in fields. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of SQR-T037 to P and microelement (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) nutrition in tomato plants grown in soil and in hydroponic conditions. Inoculation with SQR-T037 significantly improved the biomass and nutrient uptake of tomato seedlings grown in a nutrient-limiting soil.

[Effects of continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer on banana production and cultural microflora of bulk soil in orchard with serious disease incidence].

A field experiment was conducted for two years to investigate the effects of different fertilization applications on the suppression of banana fusarium wilt disease, crop yield, fruit quality and culturable microflora in a banana orchard which has been monocultured with banana for 12 years and suffered serious banana fusarium wilt disease. The fertilizers included chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure compost (CM), pig manure compost (PM) and bio-organic fertilizer (BIO). The banana soil microflora was invested using plate-counting method and culture-dependent polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method (CD PCR-DGGE).

COH-203, a novel microtubule inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity via p53-dependent senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma.

5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one (COH-203) is a novel synthesized analogue of combretastatin A-4 that can be classified as a microtubule inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated the anti-hepatoma effect of COH-203 in vitro and in vivo and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. COH-203 was shown to be more effective in inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer cells compared with normal liver cells.

[Effects of different organic manure sources and their combinations with chemical fertilization on soil nematode community structure in a paddy field of East China].

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the soil nematode community structure in a paddy field with paddy rice and wheat rotation in Jintan County (31 degrees 39'41.8" N, 119 degrees 28'23.5" E) of Jiangsu Province, East China.

[Fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato].

Continuous cropping obstacle is one of the main restriction factors in potato industry. In order to explore the mechanisms of potato's continuous cropping obstacle and to reduce the impact on potato's tuber yield, a field experiment combined with PCR-DGGE molecular fingerprinting was conducted to investigate the fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato. With the increasing year of potato' s continuous cropping, the numbers of visible bands in rhizosphere fungal DGGE profiles increased obviously.

Binding of organic ligands with Al(III) in dissolved organic matter from soil: implications for soil organic carbon storage.

The binding characteristics of organic ligands with Al(III) in soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential to understand soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) FTIR correlation spectroscopy was developed as a novel tool to explore the binding of organic ligands with Al(III) in DOM present in soils as part of a long-term (21-year) fertilization experiment. The results showed that while it is a popular method for characterizing the binding of organic ligands and metals, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis can only characterize the binding characteristics of fluorescent substances (i.

Application of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 bio-organic fertiliser significantly controls Fusarium wilt and affects the microbial communities of continuously cropped soil of cucumber.

Background: The reduction in diversity of the soil microbial community causes the disorder of continuous cropping. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of applying Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 bio-organic fertiliser (BIO) on the microbial community in continuously cropped cucumber soil. Four treatments were set: (1) control, where neither seedling nursery soil (N) nor transplanted soil (T) was amended with BIO; (2) N treatment, where nursery soil was amended with BIO (1% w/w) but transplanted soil was not; (3) N + T treatment, where BIO was added to both nursery soil (1% w/w) and transplanted soil (0.

[Mechanisms for the increased fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice in wheat-rice rotation system under combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the nitrogen uptake by rice and the nitrogen supply by soil in a wheat-rice rotation system, and approach the mechanisms for the increased fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice under the combined fertilization from the viewpoint of microbiology. Comparing with applying inorganic fertilizers, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers decreased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen contents before tillering stage, but increased them significantly from heading to filling stage. Under the combined fertilization, the dynamics of soil nitrogen supply matched best the dynamics of rice nitrogen uptake and utilization, which promoted the nitrogen accumulation in rice plant and the increase of rice yield and biomass, and increased the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of rice significantly.

Optimization of survival and spore formation of Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21 during bioorganic fertilizer storage.

The effects of storage temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), inoculum type (pure spores, an equal mix of spores and vegetative cells and pure vegetative cells) and water content (20%, 30% and 40%) on the survival and spore formation of the biocontrol agent, Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21, in a bioorganic fertilizer were modeled in a 3×3×3 factorial design. Bacterial and spore populations were monitored by plate count and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Temperature significantly affected survival of inoculants after storage for 60 days.

Fate of biopolymers during rapeseed meal and wheat bran composting as studied by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy in combination with multiple fluorescence labeling techniques.

Detailed knowledge of the molecular events during composting is important in improving the efficiency of this process. By combining two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) correlation spectroscopy and multiple fluorescent labeling, it was possible to study the degradation of biopolymers during rapeseed meal and wheat bran composting. Two-dimensional FTIR correlation spectroscopy provided structural information and was used to deconvolute overlapping bands found in the compost FTIR spectra.

Multiple fluorescence labeling and two dimensional FTIR-13C NMR heterospectral correlation spectroscopy to characterize extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms produced during composting.

Knowledge on the structure and function of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofilms is essential for understanding biodegradation processes. Herein, a novel method based on multiple fluorescence labeling and two-dimensional (2D) FTIR-(13)C NMR heterospectral correlation spectroscopy was developed to gain insight on the composition, architecture, and function of EPS in biofilms during composting. Compared to other environmental biofilms, biofilms in the thermophilic (>55 °C) and cooling (mature) stage of composting have distinct characteristics.

[Controlling effect of antagonist bioorganic fertilizer on tomato root-knot nematode].

Indoor in vitro culture experiment and greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to evaluate the capabilities of three bacterial strains XZ-173 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), SL-25 (B. gibsonii), and KS-62 (Paenibacillus polymyxa) that can hydrolyze collagen protein in controlling tomato root-knot nematode. In the in vitro culture experiment, suspensions of XZ-173, SL-25, and KS-62 induced a mortality rate of 75.

Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for assessment of compost maturity.

Composting of animal manures is believed as an alternative way for directly recycling them in farms, and therefore assessment of compost maturity is crucial for achieving high quality compost. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) combined with regional integration analysis is presented to assess compost maturity. The results showed that the EEM contours of water-extract organic matter (WEOM) from immature composts exhibited four peaks at excitation/emission (Ex/Em) of 220/340nm, 280/340nm, 220/410nm, and 330/410nm, whereas EEM contour of WEOM from mature composts had only two peaks at Ex/Em of 230/420nm and 330/420nm.

[Screening, identification, and biocontrol effect of antagonistic bacteria against Phytophthora capsici].

A total of 98 isolates with antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy pepper plants in the fields seriously infected by pepper Phytophthora capsicit, and two strains named as HL-3 and LZ-8 were screened, which had the characteristics of wide-spectrum antagonism and good growth under poor soil condition. The HL-3 and LZ-8 were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus pumilus, respectively, based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. The two strains could inhibit the mycelium growth of P.