Machine learning applications in breast cancer survival and therapeutic outcome prediction based on multi-omic analysis.

The high heterogeneity within and between breast cancer patients complicates treatment determination and prognosis assessment. Treatment decision-making is influenced by various factors, such as tumor subtype, histological grade, and genotype, necessitating personalized treatment strategies. Prognostic outcomes vary significantly depending on patient-specific conditions.

Preliminary investigation of nitric oxide release from upconverted nanoparticles excited at 808 nm near-infrared for brain tumors.

Upconverted UCNPs@mSiO-NH nanoparticles were synthesized via thermal decomposition while employing the energy resonance transfer principle and the excellent near-infrared (NIR) light conversion property of up-conversion. The 808 nm NIR-excited photocontrolled nitric oxide (NO) release platform was successfully developed by electrostatically loading photosensitive NO donor Roussin's black salt (RBS) onto UCNPs@mSiO-NH, enabling the temporal, spatial, and dosimetric regulation of NO release for biological applications of NO. The release of NO ranged from 0.

Hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of chordoma.

Background: Chordoma is a rare congenital low-grade malignant tumor characterized by infiltrative growth. It often tends to compress important intracranial nerves and blood vessels, making its surgical treatment extremely difficult. Besides, the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited.

Structurally diverse cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the tubers of Hemsleya chinensis with cytotoxic activity.

Ten previously undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, namely hemslyencins A-F (1-6) and hemslyencosides A-D (7-10), together with twenty previously reported compounds (11-30), were isolated from the tubers of Hemsleya chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by unambiguous spectroscopic data (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data). Hemslyencins A and B (1 and 2) possessing unique 9, 11-seco-ring system with a six-membered lactone moiety, were the first examples among of the cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, and hemslyencins C and D (3 and 4) and hemslyencoside D (10) are the infrequent pentacyclic cucurbitane triterpenes featuring a 6/6/6/5/6 fused system.

Genetic testing of sperm donors in China: a survey of current practices.

Background: The National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (NHFPCC) issued the "Measures for the Management of Human Sperm Banks," which was revised in 2003 and is still in effect today. One of the standard guidelines is that potential donors undergo laboratory testing to exclude infectious and genetic diseases and karyotype analysis. However, patient demands for donor genetic testing have also increased, and only karyotype analysis to exclude genetic diseases is not sufficient to meet these demands.

Five New C -Steroidal Sapogenins from the Acid Hydrolysate of Cynanchum otophyllum Roots.

Five new C -steroidal sapogenins (1-5) named cynotogenins J-N, were isolated from the acid hydrolysate of Cynanchum otophyllum roots. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR). Most notably, compounds 1-3 harboring a rare 5β,6β-epoxy group in the C -steroidal skeleton of Cynanchum plants.

Organophosphine as an Alkyl Transfer Shuttle for the Direct β-Alkylation of Chalcones Using Alkyl Halides.

We report an efficient alkyl transfer strategy for the direct β-alkylation of chalcones using commercially available alkyl bromides as alkyl reagents. In this transformation, the -phosphanyl substituent in the chalcones is crucial for controlling their reactivity and selectivity. It also serves as a reliable alkyl transfer shuttle to transform electrophilic alkyl bromides into nucleophilic alkyl species in the form of quaternary phosphonium salts and transfer the alkyl group effectively to the β-position of the chalcones.

Three new cardenolides from the fruits of (L.) Lippold and their cytotoxic activities.

Phytochemical investigations on the fruits of (L.) Lippold led to obtain three new cardenolides (-) and five known analogues (-). Their structures were elucidated by means of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis.

The regulatory mechanisms by enhancers during cancer initiation and progression.

Enhancer is a DNA sequence, and mainly acts in cis to regulate gene transcription. Due to the uncertainty in both location and distance between enhancers and their target genes, it is more complex and difficult to study the underlying regulatory mechanism of enhancers. Accumulating evidences indicate that enhancers are closely associated with the occurrence and development of diseases, such as cancer.

Dearomative Periphery Modification of Quinolinium Salts to Assemble Ring-Encumbered Pyrrolidine-Tetrahydroquinoline Polycycles.

We report an unexpected dearomative periphery modification strategy for transforming quinolinium salts into structurally crowded pyrrolidine-tetrahydroquinoline polycyclic systems with complete regio- and diastereoselectivity. Importantly, the reaction pathway was regulated by simply tuning the substituents, achieving substituent-directed divergent synthesis. The notable features of this transformation include readily available starting materials, green conditions, a simple workup procedure, high bond- and ring-forming efficiency, and substituent-directed diverse synthesis.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3β-O-neoglycosides of caudatin and its analogues as potential anticancer agents.

In order to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of C-steroidal glycosides toward human cancer cell lines and explore more potential anticancer agents, a series of 3β-O-neoglycosides of caudatin and its analogues were synthesized. The results revealed that most of peracetylated 3β-O-monoglycosides demonstrated moderate to significant antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116, HeLa, and HepG2). Among them, 3β-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-L-glucopyranosyl)-caudatin (2k) exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity aganist HepG2 cells with an IC value of 3.

3D Digital Evaluation for Direct Composite Restoration Using the Modified Stamp Technique.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of direct composite restorations using the modified stamp technique (MST) in vivo.

Methods: A total of 30 posterior teeth with undermining caries were randomly divided into two groups and then restored using the MST and conventional technique (CT), respectively. 3D images of the occlusal surface were obtained using an intraoral scanner (CEREC Omnicam, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) before and after treatment and the differences between these two 3D images were analysed with reverse engineering software.

Regioselective and Diastereoselective Dearomative Multifunctionalization of In-Situ-Activated Azaarenes: An Access to Bridged Azaheterocycles.

Reported herein is an unprecedented multicomponent one-pot dearomative multifunctionalization of commercially available azaarenes through an in situ activation strategy, which not only achieved the first full exploitation of the reactive sites of the azaarenes, but also accomplished the efficient synthesis of bridged hydrogenated pyridines and (iso)quinolines in a highly regioselective and diastereoselective manner. In addition, we could successfully realize the step-controlled dearomative trifunctionalization and bifunctionalization of quinolines.

Chalcone-Based Pyridinium Salts and Their Diastereoselective Dearomatization To Access Bibridged Benzoazepines.

New chalcone-based pyridinium salts have been successfully exploited, which could smoothly participate in the highly diastereoselective dearomatization with binucleophilic enaminones by taking advantage of their multiple reactive sites to construct bibridged benzoazepines in up to 89% yields. The key to the success was the skillful and unprecedented C-3 functionalization of the new pyridinium salts. This work not only provides a kind of novel pyridinium salt synthon but also achieves the first C-3 functionalization of pyridinium salts to construct complex and challenging bibridged benzoazepines with high synthetic efficiency.

Regio- and diastereoselective dearomatizations of -alkyl activated azaarenes: the maximization of the reactive sites.

An unprecedented base-promoted multi-component one-pot dearomatization of -alkyl activated azaarenes was developed, which enabled the synthesis of complex and diverse bridged cyclic polycycles with multiple stereocenters in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner. Besides, we realized the step-controlled dearomative bi- and trifunctionalization of quinolinium salts. These transformations not only achieved the maximization of the reaction sites of pyridinium, quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts to enhance structural complexity and diversity, but also opened up a new reaction mode of these -activated azaarenes.

A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer.

Background: The 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis (AJCC-TNM) staging system is based on a few retrospective single-center studies. We aimed to test the prognostic validity of the staging system and to determine whether a modified clinicopathological tumor staging system that includes lymphovascular embolization could increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for patients with stage T2-3 penile cancer.

Methods: A training cohort of 411 patients who were treated at 2 centers in China and Brazil between 2000 and 2015 were staged according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.

QTL Mapping and Validation of Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Humai 15.

Stripe rust caused by f. sp. () is a devastating foliar disease that affects common wheat and barley throughout the world.

Diastereoselective construction of 4-indole substituted chromans bearing a ketal motif through a three-component Friedel-Crafts alkylation/ketalization sequence.

The first TfOH-catalyzed three-component Friedel-Crafts alkylation/ketalization sequence of indoles, alcohols and -hydroxychalcones was developed to afford a wide range of 4-indole substituted chromans bearing a ketal motif in 77-99% yields. Notably, only a simple filtration was needed to purify them. By altering methanol to CHCl, 2,4-bisindole substituted chroman with the same indole substituent at the C2 and C4 positions was afforded.

Protective effects of 3β-angeloyloxy-8β, 10β-dihydroxyeremophila-7(11)-en-12, 8α-lactone on paraquat-induced oxidative injury in SH-SY5Y cells.

3β-Angeloyloxy-8β,10β-dihydroxyeremophila-7(11)-en-12,8α-lactone (FJ1) inhibited effectively paraquat (PQ)-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. In this way, FJ1 was shown to reverse the PQ-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, the increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the release of cytochrome c. The mechanism was associated with a reduction of oxidative stress, including the decrease in the levels of ROS and MDA and maintaining the activity of SOD and GSH.

Overexpression of lncRNA ANRIL promoted the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells via regulating let-7a/TGF-β1/ Smad signaling pathway.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were playing critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, in prostate cancer, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs especially ANRIL were largely unknown. We investigated the effects of ANRIL on the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells using CCK-8 assay and Transwell migration assay.

A copper-catalyzed tandem reaction for the construction of coumarin fused 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles.

An efficient copper-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization/isomerization sequence of 3-arylcarbonyl coumarins and 3-methyl indole was developed to afford a wide range of functionalized coumarin fused 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles, which feature a 6-6-5-5-6 pentacyclic core, in 34-99% yields. Moreover, gram-scale experiment and chemical transformations were conducted to demonstrate the synthetic value of this protocol.

A Copper-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/Cyclization Sequence: an Approach to Functionalized Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole Spirooxindoles and 9H-Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles.

An efficient Cu(OTf)-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclizaiton sequence of 3-substituted indoles with isatin-derived oxodienes was developed, and a series of structurally complex and diverse pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole spirooxindoles were first obtained in up to 99% yields. This protocol proved to be quite general and was also robust for the synthesis of 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles.

Bisindolylmaleimide alkaloid BMA-155Cl induces autophagy and apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells through the NF-κB p65 pathway.

Bisindolylmaleimides, a series of derivatives of a PKC inhibitor staurosporine, exhibit potential as anti-cancer drugs and have received considerable attention in clinical trials. This study aims to investigate the effects of a bisindolylmaleimide alkaloid 155Cl (BMA-155Cl) with a novel structure on autophagy and apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells in vitro and in vivo. The cell poliferation was assessed with a MTT assay.