Associations of EDNRA and EDNRB Polymorphisms with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: The most potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 and its receptors, endothelin receptor A (EDNRA) and endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) are involved in hypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recent studies have demonstrated increased plasma endothelin-1 level in ICH patients and relationships between EDNRA and EDNRB genetic variants and ischemic stroke.

Effect of willed movement training on neurorehabilitation after focal cerebral ischemia and on the neural plasticity-associated signaling pathway.

Neurorehabilitation training is a therapeutic intervention for the loss of neural function induced by focal cerebral ischemia, however, the effect varies depending on the neurorehabilitation exercises. Willed movement (WM) training is defined as task‑oriented training, which increases enthusiasm of patients to accomplish a specific task. The current study was performed to the evaluate effect of WM training on neurorehabilitation following focal cerebral ischemia, and further investigate the influence on neural plasticity‑associated signaling pathway.

Incidence and survival of lacunar infarction in a southern Chinese population: A 7-year prospective study.

Objective: Little attention has been paid to the epidemiological characteristics of lacunar infarction (LAC) in China before. This study aimed to examine the incidence and survival of LAC in a southern Chinese population.

Methods: From 2004-2010 in Changsha, two communities with a registered population of ∼100 000 were selected and data from first-ever ischaemic stroke (IS) cases were prospectively collected.

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on intracephalic angiogenesis in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as sham operation (group A), ICH (group B), and HBO2 (group C). The behavioral change and angiogenesis in brain tissue of rats in each group were observed. The protein expression of PCNA, vWF, HIF1-α, and VEGF in rat brain was measured by immunohistochemistry, while the mRNA expression level of HIF1-α and VEGF was determined using quantitative real-time PCR.

Absence of association between atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and TNFSF4/TNFRSF4 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1234313, rs1234314 and rs17568 in a Chinese population.

Objective: To clarify the association between atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI) and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs1234313 and rs1234314 (in TNFSF4) and rs17568 (in TNFRSF4).

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of patients with ACI and healthy control subjects. The presence of carotid plaque was determined.

TIMP-1 polymorphisms in a Chinese Han population with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) and breakdown of blood-brain barrier (BBB) are crucial events in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9 and MMP-2, are the most important degrading enzymes in the ECM and BBB. These proteolytic effects are controlled predominantly by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).

Public and professional education on urgent therapy for acute ischemic stroke: a community-based intervention in Changsha.

Excessive delay of presentation for stroke in China is reported. In this study, an intervention trial was conducted to promote urgent therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Two communities in Changsha were selected as either intervention or control community from November 2007 to December 2011.

TNFSF4 gene polymorphism rs3861950 but not rs3850641 is associated with the risk of cerebral infarction in a Chinese population.

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) plays a key role in the process of atherosclerosis, a common risk factor for both myocardial and cerebral infarctions. Recent studies indicate that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3850641 in TNFSF4 is associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction, but little is known about the association between TNFSF4 variation and cerebral infarction (CI). A case-control study involving 385 CI patients and 385 age-matched, sex-matched non-CI controls was conducted in a Chinese population, only the most common subtype, atherosclerosis CI, was recruited.

Thrombin promotes the expression of thrombospondin-1 and -2 in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most severe types of stroke. Thrombin has been reported to participate in brain repair following ICH and play an important role in angiogenesis. Our previous studies have shown that ICH induces angiogenesis in damaged rat brain, accompanied by upregulation of expression of thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and TSP-2.

Thrombin-triggered angiogenesis in rat brains following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.

Object: Angiogenesis occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thrombin mediates mitogenesis and survival in endothelial cells and induces angiogenesis. The present study aimed to clarify whether thrombin is involved in triggering ICH-related angiogenesis.

Neuroprotection by silencing iNOS expression in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease.

In this study, we investigated the protective role of silenced iNOS expression in neuron death in the nigrostriatal pathway in a 6-OHDA animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The animal model was established by intrastriatal infusion of a single dose of 6-OHDA. Silencing of iNOS expression was established by intrastriatal infusion of adenovirus-carried iNOS-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA).

Infusion of BDNF into the nucleus accumbens of aged rats improves cognition and structural synaptic plasticity through PI3K-ILK-Akt signaling.

To investigate the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in cognitive impairment and the therapeutic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an animal model of cognitive deficit, we infused BDNF into the NAc of cognitively impaired aged rats. Cognition was evaluated by Morris water maze test. Structural synaptic plasticity was measured by Golgi staining.

Fibrinogen polymorphisms associated with sporadic cerebral hemorrhage in a Chinese population.

Fibrinogen plays an important role in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. This study investigated the association between common variants in the fibrinogen gene and the risk of developing sporadic cerebral hemorrhage (CH). We performed genotyping analyses for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fibrinogen gene in a case-controlled study involving 195 patients with CH and 116 control participants; both groups were of southern Han-Chinese origin.

[Effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside on nerve growth factor and growth associated protein in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion].

Objective: To investigate the effects of terahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) on neurological deficits, the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and growth associated protein43 (GAP43) in rats after Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion.

Methods: 96 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 24): control group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model group, low dose TSG (60 mg/kg) group and high dose TSG (120 mg/kg) group. After 6 days' administration of TSG or natural saline (model group), reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by intraluminal suture technique.

Salvianolic acid B protects SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and activation of the apoptotic cascade. In the study, we investigated the effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-treated SH-SY5Y cells, a classic in vitro model for PD. We found Sal B inhibited the loss of cell viability by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

[Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of kallikrein 1 gene with cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han Chinese].

Objective: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLK1 gene and cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han Chinese.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy-three cerebral hemorrhage (CH) patients and 140 healthy controls were collected. The SNPs of rs5516 and rs5517 loci of KLK1 gene were analyzed by SNaPshot methods and direct sequencing.

[Negative association of FGA gene 128C/G polymorphism with cerebral infarction and its effect on plasma fibrinogen in Hunan Hans].

Objective: To investigate the relationship of FGA gene 128C/G polymorphism and cerebral infarction (CI) and evaluate the effect of FGA-128C/G polymorphism on plasma fibrinogen in Hunan Hans.

Methods: FGA-128C/G polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing in 194 CI patients and 114 healthy controls.

Results: There were CG and CC genotypes in the FGA-128C/G locus.

[Prospective study on associations between levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes].

Objective: To explore associations between levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in populations.

Methods: Baseline investigations on stroke-related risk factors and physical examinations were performed in 10 093 (> 35 years) stroke-free urban community residents from 5 cities in China during May to July in 1987, follow-up investigations on stroke events were made during 1998 to 2000. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in middle, high tertiles of baseline TC or TG levels were compared with low baseline tertile residents using the Cox regression model.

Alteration of thrombospondin-1 and -2 in rat brains following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Laboratory investigation.

Object: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is among the most intractable forms of stroke. Angiogenesis, an orchestrated balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, is a fundamental process to brain development and repair by new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones and can be induced by ICH. Thrombospondin (TSP)–1 and TSP-2 are naturally occurring antiangiogenic factors.

Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside reduces the cognitive impairment and overexpression of amyloid precursor protein induced by aluminum exposure.

Objective: Excessive aluminum (Al) exposure impairs neurocognitive function in humans and animals. Epidemiologic studies have shown a potential linkage between chronic Al exposure and Alzheimer's disease. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG), the extract from herbal medicine Polygoni Multiflori, on cognitive impairment and the over-expression of hippocampal amyloid precursor protein (APP) induced by chronic exposure to Al in rats.

[The association of apolipoprotein B gene polymorphism with cerebral infarction with positive family history and its effect on plasma lipid levels].

Objective: To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene G12669A polymorphism and cerebral infarction with family history, and to evaluate the effect of G12669A polymorphism on plasma lipid levels.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 147 members of 15 cerebral infarction families, including 47 cerebral infarction patients with positive family history (CIFH-P), 43 first-degree relatives (CIFH-I), 28 second-degree relatives (CIFH-II), and 29 third-degree relatives (CIFH-III), 83 sporadic cerebral infarction (SCI) patients, and 100 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the apoB gene G12669A polymorphism.

Altered angiotensin-converting enzyme and its effects on the brain in a rat model of Alzheimer disease.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease related to aging. At present, its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Family members of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a role in neuronal plasticity, as well as formation of learning and memory.

Effect of polygonum multiflorum on the fluidity of the mitochondria membrane and activity of COX in the hippocampus of rats with Abeta 1-40-induced Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To explore the effect of polygonum multiflorum on the fluidity of mitochondria membrane and activity of cytochrome oxidase (COX) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.

Methods: Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: an AD model group, a control group, and a treatment group (n=15). AD model was established by injecting beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) 1-40 into the hippocampus of rats.

Association between Val/Leu(247) polymorphism of apolipoprotein H and cerebral infarction in a Chinese population.

Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are considered to be a cause of an acquired hypercoagulable state leading to cerebral infarction (CI). Apolipoprtein H (apoH) is an important target antigen for aPL and thus apoH polymorphisms may influence aPL production and the development of CI. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between the Val/Leu(247) polymorphism of apoH gene and CI in a Chinese cohort.