Subtle Tuning of Catalytic Well Effect in Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective CO Electroreduction into CH.

In the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR), the strategic design of a catalytic well capable of regulating the overall confinement effects of catalytic sites holds significant promise for enhancing multiple-electron transfer and C─C coupling efficiency, particularly for the generation of C products. Here, a series of Cu-salphen-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring hydroxyl-induced catalytic well are synthesized, which demonstrate successful application in electrocatalytic CORR to yield multiple-electron transferred products. The meticulously engineered catalytic well, facilitated by multi-hydroxyl groups, manifests robust confinement effects, facilitating selective adsorption, enrichment, and activation of CO, intermediate stabilization, and reduction of energy barriers for electrocatalytic CORR.

Effects of interleukin-6 and IL-6/AMPK signaling pathway on mitochondrial biogenesis and astrocytes viability under experimental septic condition.

Objective: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a neuromodulation factor with extensive and complex biological activities. IL-6 has been reported to activate AMPK, while AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-6 in mitochondrial biogenesis using astrocytes under experimental septic condition and examined how IL-6/AMPK signaling pathway affected this process.

Insulin alleviates mitochondrial oxidative stress involving upregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 and uncoupling protein 2 in septic acute kidney injury.

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of insulin on mitochondrial oxidative stress in septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control group, sham surgery group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, and CLP plus insulin group. Blood specimens and kidney tissues were obtained at 12 and 24 h after surgery as separate experiments.

Implementation of a Pediatric Emergency Triage System in Xiamen, China.

Background: Pediatric emergency rooms (PERs) in Chinese hospitals are perpetually full of sick and injured children because of the lack of sufficiently developed community hospitals and low access to family physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of a new five-level Chinese pediatric emergency triage system (CPETS), modeled after the Canadian Triage System and Acuity Scale.

Methods: In this study, we compared CPETS outcomes in our PER relative to those of the prior two-level system.

[Correlation between uncoupling protein 2 expression and myocardial mitochondrial injury in rats with sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression and myocardial mitochondria injury in rats with sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: The rat model of sepsis was established through an intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into control group (an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline), sepsis 6 h group (LPS-6 h group), sepsis 12 h group (LPS-12 h group), sepsis 24 h group (LPS-24 h group), and sepsis 48 h group (LPS-48 h group).

New learning and memory related pathways among the hippocampus, the amygdala and the ventromedial region of the striatum in rats.

Background: The hippocampus, central amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial region (marginal division) of the striatum have been reported to be involved in the mechanism of learning and memory. This study aimed elucidating anatomical and functional connections among these brain areas during learning and memory.

Results: In the first part of this study, the c-Fos protein was used to explore functional connections among these structures.

Atractylenolide I protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Atractylenolide I (AO-I), one of the major bioactive components isolated from Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of AO-I on acute lung injury (ALI) using LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Lung injury was assessed by histological study.

[A preliminary study of long-term mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis].

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the long-term structural and functional injuries of mitochondria in rat brain caused by sepsis.

Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned into sepsis and control groups. A rat model of sepsis was prepared by an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria, and the survival assay was performed.

The marginal division of the striatum and hippocampus has different role and mechanism in learning and memory.

The memory function of the hippocampal formation (Hip) and the marginal division (MrD) of neostriatum was compared. Rats with bilateral lesions of the MrD either immediate or 24 h after training in Y-maze were found to have decrease in correct runs in both groups. However, animals with transected afferent and efferent nerve bundles to isolate the Hip immediately or 24 h after training in Y-maze were found to show a decrease in correct runs only in the group injured immediately after Y-maze training but not in the 24 h group suggesting that MrD is likely involved in the entire process of long-term memory consolidation whereas the Hip only contributes to memory in the early stage.

[Effect of UCP2-siRNA on inflammatory response of cardiomyocytes induced by septic serum].

Objective: To study the effect of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2)-siRNA on the inflammatory response of rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) induced by septic serum and to investigate the possible role of UCP2 in the development of septic cardiomyopathy.

Methods: Serum samples were separately collected from normal rats and septic rats. Cultured rat cardiac cells (H9C2) were randomly divided into blank control, normal serum, 10% septic serum, UCP2-siRNA+10% septic serum and negative siRNA+10% septic serum groups.

Comparison of microRNA expression in hippocampus and the marginal division (MrD) of the neostriatum in rats.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of highly conserved small non-coding RNA molecules, are known to play essential roles in central nervous system (CNS) by causing post-transcriptional gene silencing. There is much evidence that miRNAs have specific temporal and spatial expression patterns in the mammal brain, but little is known about the role of the region specificity for the gene regulatory networks of the brain. This study represents the first attempt to perform a profiling analysis of the differential expression of miRNAs between hippocampus and the Marginal division (MrD) of the neostriatum in the rat brain.

[Gene cloning and immunogenicity analysis of the structural proteins VP1-VP4 of enterovirus 71].

Objective: To clone the genes encoding the structural proteins VP1-VP4 of enterovirus 71 and investigate the immunogenicity of the expressed recombinant proteins.

Methods: The VP1-VP4 cDNAs were amplified by RT-PCR from the extracted viral RNA and cloned into pMD19-T vector. The cloned VP1-VP4 genes were then inserted into the multi-cloning sites of plasmid pQE30a and expressed in E.

[Adrenal mitochondrial injury in early stage of sepsis in rats].

Objective: To study the pathogenesis of adrenal mitochondrial dysfunction in septic rats.

Methods: Thirty SPF rats were randomized into 3 groups, including a normal control group and 2 sepsis groups receiving intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and observed at 6 and 24 h after the injection. The adrenal mitochondria were extracted from the rats at the corresponding time points for observation by electronic microscopy.

[Protective effects of continue insulin infusion on liver mitochondrion in the early stage of septic rats].

Aim: To investigate the protective effects of continue insulin infusion on liver mitochondrion and its mechanism in the early stage of lipopolysaccharide-induced septic rats.

Methods: 24 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (An external jugular vein catheterization was performed in every rat a day before intraperitoneal injection): Saline control group (n = 8), LPS group (n = 8) and insulin therapy group (n = 8). Saline control group animals received 9 g/L saline only.

[Application of fluorescent real-time polymerase chain reaction in analyzing the epidemic of influenza among children in Guangzhou area in 2006].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of influenza virus infections in children in 2006 using the real-time PCR method.

Methods: (1) Consulting the most conserved sequence NP gene of influenza virus, after comparing with the NP gene sequences of influenza virus in GenBank, one pair of specific primers and one TaqMan probe were designed for each subtype of influenza virus by the software Primer Express. The sensitivity of influenza was evaluated by testing known positive samples which had been two-fold diluted.

Retrospective study of adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue of pediatric fatal pneumonia in South China.

Background: Adenovirus are the important pathogen of pediatric severe pneumonia. The aim of this study is to analyze the infection, subtype and distribution of adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue of fatal pneumonia in infants and children, and the relationships between adenovirus infection and respiratory illness in South China.

Methods: Nested PCR was performed on DNA extracted from autopsied lung tissue from patients who died of severe pneumonia, and the positive nested PCR products were cloned and sequenced.

Retrospective analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pediatric fatal pneumonia in Guangzhou, South China.

The objective of this study is to investigate the infection and distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in autopsied pulmonary tissue of pediatric severe pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae nested polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were done on autopsy pulmonary tissue from 173 patients who died of severe pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 135/173 (78.

[Clinical features and surgery in children with plastic bronchitis].

Objective: To review the clinical features and therapeutic experience in children with plastic bronchitis.

Methods: Fourteen children with plastic bronchitis were reviewed retrospectively, 12 of which were under two years old. The clinical features are characterized by sudden onset, episodes of profound hypoxia and respiratory tract obstruction.

[Expression of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and construction of its DNA vaccine].

Aim: To express the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in E. coli and construct its DNA vaccine.

Methods: The prokaryotic expression vector pQEN containing N gene was constructed and transformed into the E.

[Prokaryotic expression of SARS coronavirus spike protein and construction of its DNA vaccine].

Objective: To study the immunological characteristics of the spike (S) protein of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and analyze the feasibility of using this protein as the component for SARS vaccine development.

Methods: The two truncated fragments of S gene were separately cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-15b and expressed in E.coli.

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 33 children with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Guangzhou area].

Objective: Since the outbreak of a highly contagious new pneumonia, atypical pneumonia or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in Guangzhou area, 33 children with this syndrome were treated in the authors' hospital. The present study aimed to understand clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric SARS patients in Guangzhou area.

Methods: Clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, therapeutic approaches and prognosis of the 33 children with SARS in Guangzhou area were analyzed.