PDV1 and PDV2 Differentially Affect Remodeling and Assembly of the Chloroplast DRP5B Ring.

Chloroplasts divide by binary fission, which is driven by a ring-like multiprotein complex spanning the inner and outer envelope membranes (OEMs) at the division site. The cytosolic DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 5B (DRP5B/ARC5) is a mechanochemical GTPase involved in binary fission of the chloroplast membrane in Arabidopsis (), but the dynamics of its interactions with the chloroplast membranes and their regulation by guanine nucleotides and protein effectors remain poorly characterized. Using an Arabidopsis mutant with defects in chloroplast photorelocation movement, we determined that the ring structures of DRP5B at the chloroplast division site underwent subunit exchange with a cytosolic DRP5B pool.

Clinical practice of Chinese medicine navel therapy for chronic diarrhea: A literature review.

Chronic diarrhea is one of the most common complaints in clinical practice for both adults and children. The purpose of this study was to assess the commonly used Chinese herbal medicine navel therapy for the treatment of chronic diarrhea (traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of spleen deficiency). The literature search was up to June 2018.

MCD1 Associates with FtsZ Filaments via the Membrane-Tethering Protein ARC6 to Guide Chloroplast Division.

Chloroplasts replicate by binary fission, a process driven by ring-like dynamic division machinery at mid-chloroplast. In , the first molecular assembly of this machinery, the Z-ring, forms via the association of FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 heteropolymers with the inner envelope membrane through the membrane-tethering protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (ARC6). Spatial control of Z-ring assembly ensures the correct placement of the division machinery and, therefore, symmetric chloroplast division.