Visible light promoted deaminative difluoroalkylation of aliphatic amines with difluoroenoxysilanes.

A visible light promoted deaminative strategy for the difluoroalkylation reaction utilizing pyridinium-activated aliphatic primary amines and difluoroenoxysilane as substrates has been developed. This protocol is characteriazed by its mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope, which converted a diverse array of amine-containing molecules to the alkyl-CFCOPh products. Moreover, the resulting products can be easily transformed into a vast array of structurally novel and interesting difluoro-containing moieties, therefore providing a facile route for applications in medicinal chemistry and the life sciences.

A PDM-based 128-Gb/s PAM4 fibre-FSO convergent system with OBPFs for polarisation de-multiplexing.

A polarisation-division-multiplexing (PDM)-based four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) fibre-free-space optical (FSO) convergent system with optical band-pass filters (OBPFs) for polarisation de-multiplexing is feasibly demonstrated for the first time. In a PDM scenario with PAM4 modulation, the transmission capacity of fibre-FSO convergent systems is enhanced four times with an aggregate channel capacity of 128 Gb/s (64 Gb/s PAM4/polarisation × 2 polarisations). With an OBPF, polarisation-tracking free de-multiplexing is attained by eliminating other optical carrier with orthogonal polarisation.

A PDM-based bi-directional fibre-FSO integration with two RSOAs scheme.

A polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM)-based bi-directional fibre-free-space optical (FSO) integration with two reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) scheme to efficiently wipe off the modulated data for upstream modulation is proposed and successfully demonstrated. For downstream modulation, a high-speed 128 Gb/s vestigial sideband (VSB)-four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) fibre-FSO integration is feasibly established. The transmission capacity is increased up to four times through PDM operation and VSB-PAM4 modulation.

Inhibition of adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to basement membrane components by receptor competition with RGD- or YIGSR-containing synthetic peptides.

A micropipette technique was used to investigate the effects of four synthetic peptides, YIGSR, CDPGYIGSR, RGDS and GRGDTP, on the adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells onto type IV collagen/laminin/fibronectin coated surfaces. Adhesion of HCC cells to laminin was found to be YIGSR- or CDPGYIGSR-dependent while that to fibronectin and type IV collagen was RGDS- or GRGDTP-dependent. The reduction in adhesion strengths of HCC cells was slight to moderate (up to 55%), and was dependent on the peptide concentration.

[Effects of mechanical strain on the proliferation of pulmonary epithelial cells and reorganization of integrins].

Using a cyclic strain unit, the proliferation and reorganization of alpha(5), beta(1 ) integrins in human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells that underwent mechanical strain were studied. Flow cytometry revealed that cellular proliferative index reduced significantly after cells were subjected to 15% elongation at frequency 20 cycles/min or 40 cycles/min for 48 h. Confocal microscopy revealed that alpha(5), beta(1 ) integrins in human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells transferred from the apic al layer to the basal layer and created adhesion plaques after 24 h exposure to 15% elongation at frequency 40 cycles/min.