Enhancing antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function in porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development through notoginsenoside R1 supplementation.

This study examines the impact of Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a compound from Panax notoginseng, on the maturation of porcine oocytes and their embryonic development, focusing on its effects on antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function. This study demonstrates that supplementing in vitro maturation (IVM) medium with NGR1 significantly enhances several biochemical parameters. These include elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and mRNA expression of catalase (CAT) and GPX.

Mangiferin improves early porcine embryonic development by reducing oxidative stress.

Mangiferin (MGN) is primarily found in the fruits, leaves, and bark of plants of the Anacardiaceae family, including mangoes. MGN exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as protection of the liver and gallbladder, anti-lipid peroxidation, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MGN supplementation during in vitro culture (IVC) on the antioxidant capacity of early porcine embryos and the underlying mechanisms involved.

Lineage-selective super enhancers mediate core regulatory circuitry during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes. During these processes, super enhancers (SEs) play important roles. Here, we performed comprehensive characterization of the SEs changes associated with adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, and revealed that SEs changed more dramatically compared with typical enhancers.

Lineage-specific rearrangement of chromatin loops and epigenomic features during adipocytes and osteoblasts commitment.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts. The processes are driven by the rewiring of chromatin architectures and transcriptomic/epigenomic changes. Here, we induced hMSCs to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and performed 2 kb resolution Hi-C experiments for chromatin loops detection.

Adult stem cell transplantation combined with conventional therapy for the treatment of end-stage liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is characterized by the deterioration of liver function and a subsequent high mortality rate. Studies have investigated the use of adult stem cells to treat ESLD. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the efficacy of a combination therapy with adult stem cell transplantation and traditional medicine for treating ESLD.

Therapeutic effect of secretome from TNF-α stimulated mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental model of corneal limbal stem cell deficiency.

Aim: To explore the secretome efficacy in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulated mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a murine model of corneal limbal alkali injury.

Methods: Corneal limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) was created in the eyes of male C57 mice. Concentrated conditioned medium from TNF-α stimulated MSCs (MSC-CMT) was applied topically for 4wk, with basal medium and conditioned medium from MSCs as controls.

Revisiting the Stokes-Einstein relation for glass-forming melts.

Molecular dynamics simulations of Ni36Zr64, Cu65Zr35 and Ni80Al20 were carried out over a broad range of temperature (900-3000 K) to investigate the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation for glass-forming melts. Our results reproduce experimental structural and transport properties. Results show that the breakdown temperature of the SE relation (TSE) equals the dynamical crossover temperature (TA) and both are roughly twice the glass-transition temperature (Tg) for the three glass-forming melts (TSE = TA ≈ 2.

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats.

The purpose of this study was to establish and validate an animal brain ischemia model in the recovery and sequela stages. A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in male Sprague-Dawley rats was chosen. By changing the rat's weight (260-330 g), the thread bolt type (2636/2838/3040/3043) and the brain infarct time (2-3 h), a higher Longa's score, a larger infarct volume and a greater model success ratio were screened using the Longa's score and TTC staining.

Identification of a novel family of carbohydrate-binding modules with broad ligand specificity.

Most enzymes that act on carbohydrates include non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that recognize and target carbohydrates. CBMs bring their appended catalytic modules into close proximity with the target substrate and increase the hydrolytic rate of enzymes acting on insoluble substrates. We previously identified a novel CBM (CBMC5614-1) at the C-terminus of endoglucanase C5614-1 from an uncultured microorganism present in buffalo rumen.

Transport coefficients and entropy-scaling law in liquid iron up to Earth-core pressures.

Molecular dynamics simulations were applied to study the structural and transport properties, including the pair distribution function, the structure factor, the pair correlation entropy, self-diffusion coefficient, and viscosity, of liquid iron under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Our calculated results reproduced experimentally determined structure factors of liquid iron, and the calculated self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity agree well with previous simulation results. We show that there is a moderate increase of self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity along the melting curve up to the Earth-core pressure.

Correlations among residual multiparticle entropy, local atomic-level pressure, free volume and the phase-ordering rule in several liquids.

A modified Wang-Landau density-of-states sampling approach has been performed to calculate the excess entropy of liquid metals, Lennard-Jones (LJ) system and liquid Si under NVT conditions; and it is then the residual multiparticle entropy (S(RMPE)) is obtained by subtraction of the pair correlation entropy. The temperature dependence of S(RMPE) has been investigated along with the temperature dependence of the local atomic-level pressure and the pair correlation functions. Our results suggest that the temperature dependence of the pair correlation entropy is well described by T(-1) scaling while T(-0.