Publications by authors named "Qi-Hui Xie"
Malignancies can compromise systemic innate immunity, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we find that tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; TEVs) deliver PD-L1 to host macrophages, thereby impeding antibacterial immunity. Mice implanted with Rab27a-knockdown tumors are more resistant to bacterial infection than wild-type controls.
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- Only a small number of cancer patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy due to complex interactions among immune checkpoint pathways and molecules in circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs).
- The study found that PD-1 and CD80 on immunocyte-derived sEVs lead to reduced PD-L1 on tumor cell membranes while increasing PD-L1 secretion, contributing to systemic immunosuppression and making tumors less responsive to immune attacks.
- Analyzing multiple checkpoint molecules on circulating sEVs can help differentiate between patients who will respond well to anti-PD-1 treatments and those who will not, highlighting a potential target for improving cancer therapies.
Article Synopsis
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common and aggressive type of head and neck cancer that often spreads to lymph nodes; this study focuses on the role of the Ras-related protein Rab-27A (RAB27A) in its progression.
- RAB27A was found to be overexpressed in OSCC tissues and metastatic lymph nodes, correlating with worse clinical outcomes and poorer survival rates; silencing this protein reduced cancer cell growth and spread in lab experiments.
- The research also linked RAB27A to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, suggesting it could be a promising target for new treatments against OSCC.
Objective: The poor survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), one of the most prevalent human cancer, is attributed to frequent locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastases. Though it is reported that the expression of ALG-2 interacting protein X (ALIX) closely correlates with the progression of various tumors, its role in HNSCC remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the role of ALIX in the development of HNSCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed structures that deliver biomolecules for intercellular communication. Developing visualization methods to elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of EVs' behaviors will facilitate their understanding and translation. With a quantum dot (QD) labeling strategy, a single particle tracking (SPT) platform is proposed here for dissecting the dynamic behaviors of EVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are heterogeneous membrane-bound vesicles that carry numerous bioactive molecules. Studies have reported that sEVs carrying PD-L1 on the surface could contribute to immunosuppression; however, the precise mechanisms are unclear. To fully dissect their mode of action, it requires qualified methods to specifically isolate natural PD-L1-positive sEVs from heterogeneous sEVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA histological study of vascular wall resident stem cells in venous malformations.
Cell Tissue Res
November 2022
Vascular wall resident stem cells (VW-SCs) play a key role in vascular formation and remodeling under both physiological and pathological situations. They not only serve as a reservoir to supply all types of vascular cells needed, but also regulate vascular homeostasis by paracrine effects. Venous malformations (VMs) are common congenital vascular malformations which are just characterized by the deficient quantity and abnormal function of vascular cells.
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- Exosomes are tiny membrane-bound structures released by almost all cell types, serving as important messengers for cell communication and influencing various physiological processes, including immune regulation.
- Research shows that cancer cells release exosomes that can suppress the immune system by affecting T cells and other immune cells, which helps tumors evade immune responses.
- The review discusses how exosomes in the tumor environment contribute to immunosuppression and tumor progression, and it explores potential therapies targeting these mechanisms to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
A donor-cell-assisted membrane biotinylation strategy was used to modify small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) while minimizing protein damage, and allowed the sEVs to be loaded onto carriers. Biotinylated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive sEVs were used to select for aptamers from a DNA library. PD-L1 negative sEVs from a homologous cell line were found to remove non-specific aptamer sequences to increase the specificity.
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