Light-Assisted Semi-Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene with Water.

Sustainable processes for semi-hydrogenation of alkynes/alkadienes impurities in alkenes feedstocks are in great demand in industry as the utilization of excessive hydrogen, high temperature and unsatisfactory alkenes selectivity of the current thermo-catalytic route, however, their development is still challenging. Herein, we innovate a light-assisted semi-hydrogenation process in gas-feed fixed bed reactor, with water as hydrogen atom source by in situ photocatalysis. Using Pd/TiO as model catalyst, this process shows an excellent catalytic performance for the semi-hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene, with 100 % of butenes selectivity at ≈99 % of conversion over 180 h of reaction at ambient temperature driven by 66 mW cm of irradiation intensity.

[Long Backbone Fracture Caused by Blunt Force: 99 Cases Analysis].

Objective: To investigate the main point of long backbone fracture caused by blunt force in forensic clinical identification and to provide a reference for the inspection and appraisal practices of such injury.

Methods: Ninety-nine cases of adult long backbone fractures were collected from January 2006 to December 2013 in Gutian County of Fujian Province. According to the terms of fracture location, mode of injury, type, the data were summarized.