Warming-driven migration of enterotypes mediates host health and disease statuses in ectotherm Litopenaeus vannamei.

Global warming has threatened all-rounded hierarchical biosphere by reconstructing eco-structure and bringing biodiversity variations. Pacific white shrimp, a successful model of worldwide utilizing marine ectothermic resources, is facing huge losses due to multiple diseases relevant to intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis during temperature fluctuation. However, how warming mediates shrimp health remains poorly understood.

Cumulative effects of extreme ambient temperatures on placental perfusion and function markers in early pregnancy: analysis from a birth cohort study.

Background: Exposure to suboptimal temperatures during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes related to placental development disorders. No prior studies have examined the potential impacts of temperature on placental markers. We conducted an investigation into the cumulative impact of daily ambient temperature on critical clinical placental perfusion and function markers during the placentation period, utilizing data from a prospective birth cohort in Nanjing, China.

Development of a Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus IgG Antibodies Based on Nucleoprotein.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious tick-borne disease with a wide geographical distribution. Classified as a level 4 biosecurity risk pathogen, CCHF can be transmitted cross-species due to its aerosol infectivity and ability to cause severe hemorrhagic fever outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. However, current methods for detecting anti-CCHFV antibodies are limited.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Dual-Ion Batteries with T-NbO/Nitrogen-Doped Three-Dimensional Porous Carbon Composites.

Niobium pentoxide (T-NbO) is a promising anode material for dual-ion batteries due to its high lithium capacity and fast ion storage and release mechanism. However, T-NbO suffers from the disadvantages of poor electrical conductivity and fast cycling capacity decay. Herein, a nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous carbon (RMF) was prepared for loading niobium pentoxide to construct a composite system with excellent electrochemical performance.

Recent Trends in the Development and Application of Nano-Antioxidants for Skin-Related Disease.

Skin is a vital barrier for the human body, protecting against external environmental influences and maintaining internal homeostasis. In addition, an imbalance of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms can lead to skin-related diseases. Thus, for treating skin-related diseases, antioxidant therapy may be an important strategy to alleviate these symptoms.

Associations of Retinal Microvascular Density and Fractal Dimension with Glaucoma: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank.

Objective: To explore the association between retinal microvascular parameters and glaucoma.

Design: Prospective study.

Subjects: The UK Biobank subjects with fundus images and without a history of glaucoma.

Integrative analysis of the impact of N/CO on gabaron oolong tea aroma.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of shaking and various anaerobic treatments on the aroma quality of gabaron oolong tea (GAOT) by chemical and sensory evaluation. The results showed that elevated anaerobic treatment harmed GAOT aroma, emphasizing undesirable attributes such as earthy, fatty, etc. A total of 85 volatiles were identified by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and the relationship between aroma attributes and volatiles were revealed by PLS regression projection and correlation network.

Associations of Short-Term Ozone Exposure With Hypoxia and Arterial Stiffness.

Background: Epidemiological studies reported associations between ozone (O) exposure and cardiovascular diseases, yet the biological mechanisms remain underexplored. Hypoxia is a shared pathogenesis of O-associated diseases; therefore, we hypothesized that O exposure may induce changes in hypoxia-related markers, leading to adverse cardiovascular effects.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate associations of short-term O exposure with hypoxic biomarkers and arterial stiffness.

Exosomes Derived from Apelin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Alleviating Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via Delivery of miR-34a-5p.

Background: Exosomes sourced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs) have become a promising therapeutic tool for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMD). Our previous study demonstrated that Apelin pretreatment enhanced the therapeutic benefit of MSCs in myocardial infarction by improving their paracrine effects. This study aimed to determine whether EXOs sourced from Apelin-pretreated MSCs (Apelin-MSC-EXOs) would have potent cardioprotective effects against SMD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Aggregate global features into separable hierarchical lane detection transformer.

Lane detection is one of the key functions to ensure the safe driving of autonomous vehicles, and it is a challenging task. In real driving scenarios, external factors inevitably interfere with the lane detection system, such as missing lane markings, harsh weather conditions, and vehicle occlusion. To enhance the accuracy and detection speed of lane detection in complex road environments, this paper proposes an end-to-end lane detection model with a pure Transformer architecture, which exhibits excellent detection performance in complex road scenes.

Mixed ion/electron-conducting rivets patterned Li metal anodes for high-performance Li metal batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal is considered to be one of the most promising anodes for next-generation high-energy-density batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, the practical application of Li metal anodes has been hindered by the unstable interface and the growth of Li dendrites. Herein, a highly stable surface-patterned Li metal anode has been developed, in which composite nanowires composed of lithium phosphide and copper nanoparticles are riveted within the regular grooves of the Li metal surface.

The Burden of Hepatitis B and C in Asia, 1990-2019: An Update Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Aim: This research was aimed to uncover the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) related diseases burden in Asia over the past 3 decades, estimating from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.

Methods: Age-standardised rates, case numbers of prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence and deaths with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for HBV/HCV-related diseases from 1990 to 2019 were derived from GBD 2019 database, with the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) calculated. Our analysis also encompassed the association between the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and the burden of HBV/HCV-related diseases, future disease burden predictions in six selected countries and various risk factors.

Systems-level immunomonitoring in children with solid tumors to enable precision medicine.

Cancer is the leading cause of death from disease in children. Survival depends not only on surgery, cytostatic drugs, and radiation but also on systemic immune responses. Factors influencing these immune responses in children of different ages and tumor types are unknown.

Core-Satellite Nanoassembly Overcomes Spatial Heterogeneity of Dendric Cell Distribution in Pancreatic Tumors for Effective Chemoimmunotherapy.

Pancreatic cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy are hindered by the dense extracellular matrix known as physical barriers, leading to heterogeneity impeding the effective penetration of chemotherapeutic agents and activation of antitumor immune responses. To address this challenge, we developed a hybrid nanoassembly with a distinct core-satellite-like heterostructure, PLAF@P/T-PD, which is responsive to both internal pH/redox and external ultrasound stimulations. This heterostructural nanoassembly features a polymersome core encapsulating an ultrasound contrast agent perfluoropentane and a chemotherapeutic agent Taxol (PLAF@P/T) electrostatically coated with satellite-like polyplexes carrying an immune agonist dsDNA (PD), which brings about synergistic functions inside the pancreatic tumor.

Molecular ferroelectric self-assembled interlayer for efficient perovskite solar cells.

The interfacial molecular dipole enhances the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by facilitating improved charge extraction. However, conventional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) face challenges like inadequate interface coverage and weak dipole interactions. Herein, we develop a strategy using a self-assembled ferroelectric layer to modify the interfacial properties of PSCs.

CDK14 regulates the development and repair of lung.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 14 regulates cell cycle, tumor expansion by influencing the downstream targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. However, the function of CDK14 during organ development and regeneration has not been investigated in genetically-modified animals. Here, we found that genetic ablation of Cdk14 influenced pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells during mice embryonic development as well as repair of lung after bleomycin or lipopolysaccharide induced injury.

Sub-millikelvin-resolved superconducting nanowire single-photon detector operates with sub-pW infrared radiation power.

The noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) indicates the minimum temperature difference resolvable by using an infrared detector. The lower the NETD, the better the sensor can register small temperature differences. In this work, we proposed a strategy to achieve a high temperature resolution using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with ultra-high sensitivity.

Neural deterioration and compensation in visual short-term memory among individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is a critical indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether its neural substrates could adapt to early disease progression and contribute to cognitive resilience in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has been unclear.

Methods: Fifty-five aMCI patients and 68 normal controls (NC) performed a change-detection task and underwent multimodal neuroimaging scanning.

Results: Among the atrophic brain regions in aMCI, VSTM performance correlated with the volume of the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) but not the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and this correlation was mainly present in patients with greater MTL atrophy.

Nonalloyed α-phase formamidinium lead triiodide solar cells through iodine intercalation.

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI) is considered the most promising composition for high-performing single-junction solar cells. However, nonalloyed α-FAPbI is metastable with respect to the photoinactive δ-phase. We have developed a kinetic modulation strategy to fabricate high-quality and stable nonalloyed α-FAPbI films, assisted by cogenetic volatile iodine intercalation and decalation.

Cardiotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and associated mechanism of myocardial cell injury in mice.

Aims: Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging organic pollutants generated by plastic degradation and are ubiquitous in the environment. They can be accumulated through the food webs and enter the human body through dietary intake, posing health risks. The main target organs of NP accumulation are the lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys.

Factors influencing hepatitis B vaccination intention and behavior among college students in Tibet: Insights from the expanded theory of planned behavior.

Hepatitis B (Hep B) remains a critical public health issue globally, particularly in Tibet, where vaccination rates and influencing factors among college students are yet understudied. This study applies a cross-sectional design to investigate the Hep B vaccination rate among 1,126 college students in Tibet and utilizes the expanded theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to identify vaccination behavior intention (BI) and vaccination behavior (VB). Stratified cluster sampling across three universities was used to assess behavioral attitudes (BA), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), past vaccination history (PVH) and vaccination knowledge (VK), and used structural equation modeling (SEM) for model validation and multi-group comparison.

Rare and common genetic variants underlying the risk of Hirschsprung's disease.

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital enteric neuropathic disorder characterized by high heritability (>80%) and polygenic inheritance (>20 genes). The previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several common variants associated with HSCR and demonstrated increased predictive performance for HSCR risk in Europeans using a genetic risk score, there remains a notable gap in knowledge regarding Chinese populations. We conducted whole exome sequencing in a HSCR case cohort in Chinese.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis identified cuproptosis-related hub gene Mpeg1 as potential biomarker in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profound ailment lacking a well-defined molecular mechanism and effective treatments. Cuproptosis, identified as a recently discovered cell death pathway, exhibits diverse roles in various cancers. Nevertheless, its involvement in SCI is yet to be elucidated.

Mechanically robust surface-degradable implant from fiber silk composites demonstrates regenerative potential.

Through millions of years of evolution, bones have developed a complex and elegant hierarchical structure, utilizing tropocollagen and hydroxyapatite to attain an intricate balance between modulus, strength, and toughness. In this study, continuous fiber silk composites (CFSCs) of large size are prepared to mimic the hierarchical structure of natural bones, through the inheritance of the hierarchical structure of fiber silk and the integration with a polyester matrix. Due to the robust interface between the matrix and fiber silk, CFSCs show maintained stable long-term mechanical performance under wet conditions.

Causal Association between Arm Fat, Left Leg Fat, and Trunk Fat Masses and Risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Observational studies have reported that arm fat, left leg fat, and trunk fat masses have different effects on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, the causal relationship between them remains unknown.

Materials And Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted by utilizing pooled data from the largest Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS).