GlnR Regulates the Glyoxylate Cycle and the Methylcitrate Cycle on Fatty Acid Metabolism by Repressing Transcription.

(), along with its pathogenic counterpart (), utilizes fatty acids and cholesterol as important carbon and energy sources during the persistence within host cells. As a dual-functional enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle and the methylcitrate cycle, isocitrate lyase (ICL, encoded by or ) is indispensable for the growth of and on short-chain fatty acids. However, regulation of in mycobacteria in response to nutrient availability remains largely unknown.

RegX3-Mediated Regulation of Methylcitrate Cycle in .

is a global human pathogen that infects macrophages and can establish a latent infection. Emerging evidence has established the nutrients metabolism as a key point to study the pathogenesis of and host immunity. It was reported that fatty acids and cholesterol are the major nutrient sources of in the period of infection.

SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b inhibits RIG-I-MAVS antiviral signaling by interrupting K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current global health threat caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Emerging evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 elicits a dysregulated immune response and a delayed interferon (IFN) expression in patients, which contribute largely to the viral pathogenesis and development of COVID-19. However, underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Importance of Adipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Regulating Metabolic Flexibility.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme that regulates cellular energy metabolism in many cell types. The major purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that NAD+ in white adipose tissue (WAT) is a regulator of whole-body metabolic flexibility in response to changes in insulin sensitivity and with respect to substrate availability and use during feeding and fasting conditions. To this end, we first evaluated the relationship between WAT NAD+ concentration and metabolic flexibility in mice and humans.

LncRNA H19 Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by PDGF-BB Through miR-21/PTEN/Akt Axis.

Background: LncRNA H19 expression is down-regulated in patients with asthma. The hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) promotes the development of airway remodeling in asthma. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the regulatory function of H19 in the proliferation and migration of ASMCs.

Significant improvement in thermoelectric performance of SnSe/SnS nano-heterostructures.

In this work, we study theoretically the electronic and phonon transport properties of heterojunction SnSe/SnS, bilayer SnSe and SnS. The energy filtering effect caused by the nano heterostructure in SnSe/SnS induces an increase in the Seebeck coefficient, causing a large power factor. We calculate the phonon relaxation time and lattice thermal conductivity κL for the three structures; the heterogeneous nanostructure could effectively reduce κL due to the enhanced phonon boundary scattering at interfaces.

Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in the Development of Diseases.

Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a metabolic organ essential for human health. Compelling evidences show a variety set of links between diets and gut microbial homeostasis. Changes in gut microbial flora would probably contribute to the development of certain diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, allergy, and psychiatric diseases.

Macrophages as a Double-Edged Weapon: The Use of Macrophages in Cancer Immunotherapy and Understanding the Cross-Talk Between Macrophages and Cancer.

Macrophages (Mϕs) play an essential role in maintaining body homeostasis. They perform dual functions produced by different subtypes. Mϕs not only fight against pathogens and foreign bodies such as bacteria or cancer cells but also participate in healing and repairing damaged tissue since they maintain both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects sequentially.

Synthesis and evaluation of benzenesulfonic acid derivatives as human neutrophil elastase (hNE) inhibitors.

Herein we report our investigation concerning the development of Human neutrophil elastase (hNE) inhibitors for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Various benzenesulfonic acid derived compounds were synthesized and evaluated as competitive inhibitors of hNE. Biological screening revealed that compound shows moderate inhibitory activity (IC = 35.

Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance in AgCuTeSe through Isoelectronic Substitution.

In this paper, we report a series of polycrystalline AgCuTeSe samples with high thermoelectric performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest the observation of Ag, Cu, Te, and Se states of Ag, Cu, Te, and Se. Meanwhile, the carrier concentration of the obtained p-type samples changes from 9.

Fast Trajectory Generation and Asteroid Sequence Selection in Multispacecraft for Multiasteroid Exploration.

As an increasing number of asteroids are being discovered, detecting them using limited propulsion resources and time has become an urgent problem in the aerospace field. However, there is no universal fast asteroid sequence selection method that finds the trajectories for multiple low-thrust spacecraft for detecting a large number of asteroids. Furthermore, the calculation efficiency of the traditional trajectory optimization method is low, and it requires a large number of iterations.

[Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of male infertility].

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), as a type of multifunction cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation and with a low immunogenicity, have been widely applied in life sciences and medicine in recent years. Male infertility is very complicated pathogenically and there is no ideal method for its treatment. The potential ability of multi-differentiation and paracrine function of MSCs is bringing new hope to patients with male infertility.

Trajectory Consensus for Coordination of Multiple Curvature-Bounded Vehicles.

This article addresses the trajectory consensus problem of coordinating the trajectories of vehicles at multiple future time points. The objective is the consensus of the geometry of the vehicles' planned trajectories. The geometric feature of trajectories is parameterized by a set of trajectory states defined as required lengths along the trajectory to reduce the distance to its ending point to specific values.

Analysis of the Curative Effect of Alexandrite Laser in the Treatment of Venous Lake of Lips.

Background And Objectives: Laser is being widely used in clinical treatment nowadays, including 755 nm Alexandrite laser [1,2]. This study was conducted to examine the clinical outcome of long-pulse 755 nm Alexandrite laser in the treatment of venous lake of the lip.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Forty-one patients (2015-2019) were reviewed.

[Identification of SPAST gene variant in a pedigree affected with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4].

Objective: To explore the genetic basis for a pedigree affected with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 (HSP4).

Methods: Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from members of the four-generation pedigree and 50 healthy controls for the extraction of genomic DNA. Genes associated with peripheral neuropathy and hereditary spastic paraplegia were captured and subjected to targeted capture and next-generation sequencing.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the fungus Gibberella zeae transforming lithocholic acid into ursodeoxycholic acid.

The comparative transcriptome analysis of the fungus Gibberella zeae which could efficiently catalyze the 7β-hydroxylation of LCA to produce UDCA was performed with LCA induction. This is the first time to report the comparative transcriptome of fungus under LCA treatment. Totally, 1364 differentially expressed genes including 770 up-regulated and 594 down-regulated genes were identified.

Autophagy induced by monensin serves as a mechanism for programmed death in Eimeria tenella.

Monensin (Mon), the first ionophoric antibiotic has widely been used for the treatment and prevention of coccidiosis in poultry until recently, however, at present; its efficacy has been compromised with the emergence of many Mon-resistant strains. Knowledge of the mode of the action of anti-parasitic agents is as important as for other antimicrobials, especially for discovery and long term use of the existing drugs. However, little is known about anti-parasitic drug: monensin's, mechanism of action and physiological alteration in Eimeria tenella.

Significant Enhancement in the Thermoelectric Performance of Aluminum-Doped ZnO Tuned by Pore Structure.

In this paper, 2 atom % Al-doped ZnO (AZO) was prepared by the co-precipitation method together with sparking plasma sintering (SPS) treatment. The as-synthesized AZO powders show the morphology of hollow hexagonal towers, which result in a high porosity of 50.6% in the bulk sample consolidated by SPS sintering at 400 °C, and the porosity decreases gradually with increasing sintering temperature up to 1000 °C.

The Endogenous Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Feces Metabolites Alleviate Oxidative Damage in the Brain of LanCL1 Knockout Mice.

Altered composition of the gut microbiota has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. LanCL1 has been proven to protect neurons and reduce oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate alterations of the gut microbiota in LanCL1 knockout mice and to study the interactions between gut bacteria and the brain.

Occurrence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in household, shelter, breeding, and pet market dogs in Guangzhou, southern China.

Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. are common intestinal protozoans that infect humans and animals worldwide.

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep () and Goats () in Punjab, Pakistan.

poses a serious threat to small ruminants by causing moderate to severe enterotoxaemia. Due to its ability to produce a wide arsenal of toxins, it is ranked among the most prevalent and important pathogens in livestock. This study focused on the molecular characterization of different types along with their antimicrobial resistance profile.

Surface refined Au nanoconjugate stimulates dermal cell migration: possible implication in wound healing.

Refining nutraceutical conjugated metal nanoparticles (NPs) and understanding their interactions with the cellular micro-environment is necessary for their application in nanomedicine. In the present experiment, we studied the effect of quercetin functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) on skin fibroblast and keratinocyte cell migration. Spherical shaped AuNPs of 47 nm in size were formed due to the interaction of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of quercetin with Au atoms as revealed by incremental algorithm-based analysis.

Predicting likelihood of in vivo chemotherapy response in canine lymphoma using ex vivo drug sensitivity and immunophenotyping data in a machine learning model.

We report a precision medicine platform that evaluates the probability of chemotherapy drug efficacy for canine lymphoma by combining ex vivo chemosensitivity and immunophenotyping assays with computational modelling. We isolated live cancer cells from fresh fine needle aspirates of affected lymph nodes and collected post-treatment clinical responses in 261 canine lymphoma patients scheduled to receive at least 1 of 5 common chemotherapy agents (doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, lomustine and rabacfosadine). We used flow cytometry analysis for immunophenotyping and ex vivo chemosensitivity testing.

Functional Analysis of a Compound Heterozygous Mutation in the VPS13B Gene in a Chinese Pedigree with Cohen Syndrome.

Cohen syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B; formerly COH1) gene. In the current study, a Chinese family has two young sibling cases having a developmental delay, physical obesity, high myopia, and a special face, which suspected to be CS. The purpose of the study was to identify variants and further analyze their pathogenicity for CS.

Noise Suppression in Compressive Single-Pixel Imaging.

Compressive single-pixel imaging (CSPI) is a novel imaging scheme that retrieves images with nonpixelated detection. It has been studied intensively for its minimum requirement of detector resolution and capacity to reconstruct image with underdetermined acquisition. In practice, CSPI is inevitably involved with noise.