Nearly spherical CoP nanoparticle/carbon nanosheet hybrids: a high-performance trifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and water splitting.

Developing active multifunctional electrocatalysts composed of earth-abundant and cheap elements is an urgent demand in energy conversion applications. This study presents a facile approach for the scalable synthesis of nanostructured cobalt phosphide embedded in carbon nanosheets (CoP NPs/CNSs). The hybrid structures show highly efficient trifunctional electrocatalytic activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline condition.

Ammonium nutrition mitigates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through improving antioxidase system and the glutathione-ascorbate cycle efficiency.

Nitrogen (N) forms not only affect cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants, but also affect plant resistance to Cd toxicity. However, few researches have been reported underlying the mechanism of the relationship between nitrogen forms and plant resistance under Cd exposure. Here, we explored the mechanism on how different NO/NH ratios affect antioxidase system and the glutathione-ascorbate cycle under five different ratios of NO/NH (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 0:1) and three dosages of Cd exposure (0, 1, 5 μmol L Cd) in rice (Oryza sativa L.

Association between dietary acid load and the risk of hypertension among adults from South China: result from nutrition and health survey (2015-2017).

Background: Higher dietary acid load (DAL) was considered to be associated with an elevated risk of hypertension, while related data from mainland China remains scarce and incomplete. We aim to evaluate the association between DAL and the risk of hypertension among adults from South China.

Methods: We conducted a nutrition and health survey in Guangdong Province located in southern China from 2015 to 2017.

Presenting Risks and Benefits: Helping the Data Monitoring Committee Do Its Job.

Data monitoring committees (DMCs), or data and safety monitoring boards, protect clinical trial participants by conducting benefit-risk assessments during the course of a clinical trial. These evaluations may be improved by broader access to data and more effective analyses and presentation. Data monitoring committees should have access to all data, including efficacy data, at each interim review.

Diverse and Flexible Transmission of Associated with Heterogeneous Multidrug Resistance Regions in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Indiana Isolates.

We identified at a rate of 2.6% in 310 isolates from food animals in Guangdong province, China. The gene was genetically linked to diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including , , , and These gene combinations were embedded in heterogeneous -containing multidrug resistance regions on the transferable ST3-IncHI2 and F33:A-:B- plasmids and the chromosome.

Construction of ultrathin MoS/BiOI composites: Effective charge separation and increased photocatalytic activity.

Ultrathin MoS nanosheet hybridized BiOI (MoS/BiOI) nanorods were synthesized via a reactable ionic liquid assisted solvothermal process for the first time. The photocatalytic activity of MoS/BiOI nanorods was determined by photodegrading bisphenol A (BPA), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light irradiation. Experimental results showed that MoS/BiOI owned the excellent photocatalytic properties and photostability.

Rashba-like spin splitting along three momentum directions in trigonal layered PtBi.

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has gained much attention for its rich physical phenomena and highly promising applications in spintronic devices. The Rashba-type SOC in systems with inversion symmetry breaking is particularly attractive for spintronics applications since it allows for flexible manipulation of spin current by external electric fields. Here, we report the discovery of a giant anisotropic Rashba-like spin splitting along three momentum directions (3D Rashba-like spin splitting) with a helical spin polarization around the M points in the Brillouin zone of trigonal layered PtBi.

Transcription Factor Atf1 Regulates Expression of Cellulase and Xylanase Genes during Solid-State Fermentation of Ascomycetes.

Transcriptional regulation of cellulolytic and xylolytic genes in ascomycete fungi is controlled by specific carbon sources in different external environments. Here, comparative transcriptomic analyses of grown on wheat bran (WB), WB plus rice straw (WR), or WB plus Avicel (WA) as the sole carbon source under solid-state fermentation (SSF) revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in metabolism, specifically, carbohydrate metabolism. Of the DEGs, the basic core carbohydrate-active enzyme-encoding genes which responded to the plant biomass resources were identified in , and their transcriptional levels changed to various extents depending on the different carbon sources.

The Differing Roles of Cognitive Empathy and Affective Empathy in the Relationship Between Trait Anger and Aggressive Behavior: A Chinese College Students Survey.

Empathy is essential for effective social interaction. People often express the belief that empathy is closely related to aggressive behavior, but empirical data has challenged this assumption. However, there is a lack of research that focuses on the role of empathy in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior.

Citywide Transmission of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Under China's Rapid Urbanization: A Retrospective Population-based Genomic Spatial Epidemiological Study.

Background: Population movement could extend multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) transmission and complicate its global prevalence. We sought to identify the high-risk populations and geographic sites of MDR-TB transmission in Shenzhen, the most common destination for internal migrants in China.

Methods: We performed a population-based, retrospective study in patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in Shenzhen during 2013-2017.

Single-incision laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty for treating children with intermediate-type anorectal malformations and rectobulbar fistula: a comparative study.

Purpose: Single-incision laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty (SILAARP) was compared to posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) for treating intermediate-type anorectal malformations (ARMs) with rectobulbar fistula.

Methods: Between December 2011 and January 2016, 48 children with intermediate-type ARMS were treated with SILAARP (n = 34) or PSARP (n = 14) in our centre. Data including demographics, complications, and long-term outcomes were retrospectively compared.

[Effects of curcumin on EZH2 mRNA expression in the mandible and femur of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats].

Purpose: To study the effects of curcumin on EZH2 mRNA expression in the mandible and femur of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats,and to investigate its protective effect and mechanism.

Methods: Thirty female 6-month old SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,OVX group and experimental group. The rats in the experimental groups were given curcumin (110 mg/kg) by intragastric administration after ovariectomy, while rats in the sham group and OVX group were given the same dosage of carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, once a day for 12 weeks.

Concurrent validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III in China.

Choosing a valid and feasible method to measure child developmental outcomes is key to addressing developmental delays, which have been shown to be associated with high levels of unemployment, participation in crime, and teen pregnancies. However, measuring early childhood development (ECD) with multi-dimensional diagnostic tests such as the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley-III) can be time-consuming and expensive; therefore, parental screening tools such as the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) are frequently an alternative measure of early childhood development in large-scale research. The ASQ is also becoming more frequently used as the first step to identify children at risk for developmental delays before conducting a diagnostic test to confirm.

[Effects of heterogeneous distribution of soil resources on the growth of Chinese fir seedlings under warming].

A three-factor experiment with air temperature manipulation, soil temperature manipulation and nutrients distribution pattern was conducted in Forest Ecosystem and Global Change Research Station of Fujian Normal University in Chenda, Sanming, Fujian Province. We examined the effects of heterogeneous distribution of soil resources and warming on underground and aboveground growth of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seedlings, and whether warming could change the recognition of fine roots to the heterogeneous distribution of soil resources, to understand the response of Chinese fir seedlings to heterogeneous distribution of soil resources under the background of global warming. The results showed that the recognition degree of Chinese fir to the nutrients distribution pattern was mainly reflected by the absorbing root (0-1 mm diameter class) rather than by the 1-2 mm diameter class fine roots.

A risk stratification for systemic immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis with renal involvement.

Renal involvement is found in about 70% of patients with systemic immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. However, there is no risk stratification system specialized for renal AL concerning patients' survival. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been reported to portend poor prognosis in other renal diseases.

Chiral metallic glass nanolattices with combined lower density and improved auxeticity.

Auxetic materials are promising structural and functional candidates due to their unique lateral expansion when stretched, however, bulk metallic glasses (MGs) could not show any auxeticity because of their intrinsic isotropic nature. Here we construct chiral CuZr metallic glass nanolattices with cavities, and investigate their auxeticity and underlying mechanism with molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that, compared to monolithic MGs, all the chiral metallic glass nanolattices (CMGNs) exhibit improved auxeticity and lower density.

Characterization of linezolid-resistance-associated mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis through WGS.

Objectives: Linezolid is becoming an important antibiotic for treating MDR/XDR TB, but the mutations conferring resistance to linezolid remain inadequately characterized. Herein, we investigated the linezolid-resistance-associated mutations on a whole-genome scale through parallel selections of resistant isolates in vitro.

Methods: Ten parallel Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv cultures were subjected to spontaneous mutant selection on 7H11 agar plates containing 2.

A cobalt-doped iron oxide nanozyme as a highly active peroxidase for renal tumor catalytic therapy.

The FeO nanozyme, the first reported nanozyme with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, has been successfully employed for various diagnostic applications. However, only a few studies have been reported on the therapeutic applications of the FeO nanozyme partly due to its low affinity to the substrate HO. Herein, we report a new strategy for improving the peroxidase-like activity and affinity of the FeO nanozyme to HO to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for kidney tumor catalytic therapy.

Gut microbiota partially mediates the effects of fine particulate matter on type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based epidemiological study.

Background: Experimental studies have indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota might play a role in the pathway of diabetes induction resulting from particulate matter pollution with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm (PM). However, few human studies have examined such experimental findings.

Bayesian adaptive basket trial design using model averaging.

In this article, we develop a Bayesian adaptive design methodology for oncology basket trials with binary endpoints using a Bayesian model averaging framework. Most existing methods seek to borrow information based on the degree of homogeneity of estimated response rates across all baskets. In reality, an investigational product may only demonstrate activity for a subset of baskets, and the degree of activity may vary across the subset.

An apple (Malus domestica) NAC transcription factor enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants.

Plant NAC proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families. They play pivotal functions during responses to various abiotic stresses. However, knowledge on roles of NAC proteins in abiotic stress tolerance as well as corresponding mechanisms has not been fully studied in perennial woody plants, including domesticated apple (Malus domestica).

A novel environmental-friendly and safe unpacking powder without magnesium, aluminum and sulphur for fireworks.

A novel environmental-friendly unpacking powder for fireworks which has no sulfur, no magnesium, no aluminum or their alloys has been prepared in this study: potassium perchlorate (75%), potassium hydrogen terephthalate (13%), micronano porous silicon (9%), carbon (2%), ferrocene (1%). The PM2.5 and PM10 were collected by the ambient air particulate sampler, and the gas product was tested with a smoke analyzer and gas chromatograph to investigate its environmental-friendly performance.

Implicit Attitudes About Agricultural and Aquatic Products From Fukushima Depend on Where Consumers Reside.

Japanese consumers are still hesitant to purchase products from Fukushima, although 7 years have passed since the Fukushima nuclear disaster, and these products are officially considered safe. In this study, we examined whether Japanese consumers have negative implicit attitudes toward agricultural and aquatic products from the Fukushima region and whether these attitudes are independent of their explicit attitudes. Japanese students completed an implicit association test and a questionnaire to assess their implicit and explicit attitudes toward products from Fukushima relative to another region.

Antimicrobial effect and proposed action mechanism of cordycepin against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

The detailed antibacterial mechanism of cordycepin efficacy against food-borne germs remains ambiguous. In this study, the antibacterial activity and action mechanism of cordycepin were assessed. The results showed that cordycepin effectively inhibited the growth of seven bacterial pathogens including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens; the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 2.