Gene flow and its sporadic spillover: H10 and N5 avian influenza viruses from wild birds and the H10N5 human cases in China.

On 30 January 2024, China announced the first human case of H10N5 influenza infection. Prior to this, human cases of H10N7 and H10N8 had been reported. It is now appropriate to re-examine the evolution and future epidemiological trends of the H10 and N5 subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs).

Discovery of pyridine-based derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

FMS-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, the most common genetic alterations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, have been pursued as an ideal drug discovery target for the AML therapy. Taking compound 2 as lead, a series of pyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were rationally designed and synthesized. The bioassays confirmed that these derivatives exerted potent antileukemia effects, and compound 12y was found to be the most potent one.

Trends and prevalence of eating disorders in children and adolescents.

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) have increasingly become a public health problem globally, especially among children and adolescents.

Aim: To estimate the burden of EDs in children and adolescents (ages 5-19 years) at the global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: Retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for EDs, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, we extracted the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and prevalence rates with 95% uncertainty intervals between 1990-2019.

Tissue-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptional regulation in maize cold stress response.

Maize, a vital crop globally, faces significant yield losses due to its sensitivity to cold stress, especially in temperate regions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing maize response to cold stress is crucial for developing strategies to enhance cold tolerance. However, the precise chromatin-level regulatory mechanisms involved remain largely unknown.

Calcium sensing receptor regulate claudin-14 via PKA-STAT3 pathway in rat model of nephrolithiasis.

Background: The calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) has been identified as a key factor in the formation of kidney stones. A substantial body of research has illuminated the function of CaSR in stone formation with respect to oxidative stress, epithelial injury, crystal adhesion, and stone-associated proteins. Nevertheless, as a pivotal molecule in renal calcium excretion, its pathway that contributes to stone formation by regulating calcium supersaturation remains underexplored.

Development and Validation of a Multimodal Machine Learning Model for Diagnosing and Assessing Risk of Crohn's Disease in Patients With Perianal Fistula.

Background: Diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) can pose challenges, particularly when perianal fistula is the initial presentation.

Aim: To develop and validate a predictive model, establishing a visual web tool for early diagnosis of CD in patients presenting with perianal fistula.

Methods: This retrospective, multicentre validation study involved patients diagnosed with either perianal fistulising CD or cryptoglandular fistula who underwent initial perianal fistula surgery subsequent to rectal MRI at three Chinese centres from September 2016 to December 2020.

Modeling the Global Impact of Chlorine Chemistry on Secondary Organic Aerosols.

Simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in models has been an uncertain component in determining the impacts of atmospheric aerosols on air quality and climate. Recent studies have shown that reactive chlorine can rapidly oxidize volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trigger SOA formation, and alter other oxidants, thus having a potentially significant effect on SOA, which has not been thoroughly investigated at the global scale. Here, we developed a chlorine-SOA simulation within a global chemical transport model along with updated anthropogenic continental chlorine emissions.

Sulfur cream blowing and parching combined with compound ketoconazole cream compound ketoconazole cream alone in patients with palmoplantar keratotic eczema: a pilot study.

Background: Sulfur cream is reported to relieve itching and treat skin diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and scabies infections. However, there is limited data on the efficacy of sulfur cream blowing and parching combined with compound ketoconazole ointment (ketoconazole, clobetasol propionate, and neomycin sulfate) in curing palmoplantar keratotic eczema. This prospective study proposed to investigate the clinical efficacy of sulfur cream on people who suffer with palmoplantar keratotic eczema.

Early vs later non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized trials.

Background: There are conflicting published data on the optimal timing of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of early initiation of NOACs with later initiation of NOACs in those patients, we conducted a meta-analysis of phase 3 or phase 4 randomized controlled trials.

Methods: We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases.

The variations in the natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus infections in Chinese healthy women aged 27-45 years compared with 18-26 years: A prospective cohort study.

Data investigating the natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in mid-adult women compared with young adult women from regions exhibiting a bimodal distribution pattern are scarce. From November 2012 to September 2019, 3681 healthy women aged 18-45 years from the control group of a bivalent HPV vaccine Phase 3 trial in China were followed over 5.5 years.

Evaluating systemic immune-inflammation indices as predictive markers for endometriosis diagnosis: A retrospective observational study.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease for which there is currently no accurate screening test to identify or predict the probability of the disease in individuals. This can often lead to delays in diagnosis. Several systemic immune-inflammation indices are currently used as predictive or supportive markers for several inflammation-associated diseases.

Rational design of a dual-bacterial system for synchronous removal of antibiotics and Pb(Ⅱ)/Cd(Ⅱ) from water.

Facing the combined pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals caused by livestock excrement and industrial effluents, how to use microbial technology to remove these pollutants simultaneously is an important research topic in environmental remediation. In addition, quick separation of the bacteria-water after remediation is also an urgent problem. In this study, we gradually developed a dual-bacteria microbial treatment technology capable of removing Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and common antibiotics, as well as self-settling after treatment.

Assessment of Efficacy Evidence for Approvals of Novel Drugs in China Between 2018 and 2022.

After the reform of China's drug review and approval system, there has been a notable increase in the number of novel drugs approved. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the characteristics of efficacy evidence for novel drugs approved in China. This study included 240 novel drugs approved by the NMPA for 256 indications between 2018 and 2022.

The impact of BTK knockdown on lung adenocarcinoma growth and immune response.

This study explores the molecular role of the BTK gene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression and patient prognosis. Using a radiomics model based on BTK expression and PET-CT data analyzed through DeeplabV3, alongside transcriptomic and clinical data from TCGA, we established a strong predictive relationship between BTK levels and LUAD outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that low BTK expression is linked to poorer prognoses.

The SLE-associated TREX1-P212fs mutation disrupts ER association leading to type I interferonopathy.

The TREX1 gene encodes a highly efficient DNA exonuclease that plays an important role in maintaining DNA homeostasis in the cytoplasm. TREX1 mutations lead to a spectrum of type I interferonopathies that are characterized by systemic inflammation, high blood levels of autoantibodies, and spontaneously activated immunity. The TREX1-P212fs mutation is thought to be linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Kinetics of the Dissolution Reaction of the UO Powder in Nitric Acid after Oxidation Volatilization at 850 °C.

Due to a series of factors such as variations in powder preparation methods, the kinetic parameter data for its dissolution in nitric acid solution exhibit dispersion. This study investigates the UO powder which underwent oxidation and volatilization at 850 °C. The particle size of the UO powder prior to dissolution was measured, and the surface area during dissolution was calculated under certain assumptions.

tRNA methyltransferase DNMT2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and enhances Bortezomib resistance through inhibiting TNFSF10.

The tRNA methyltransferase DNMT2 (TRDMT1) plays a crucial role in various biological functions; however, its role in cancer, particularly in liver cancer, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that high DNMT2 expression is negatively correlated with prognosis in clinical liver cancer patients. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that DNMT2 promotes the proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase-activable nanoprobe crosses the blood-brain barrier for immuno-sonodynamic therapy of glioma.

Effective treatment against glioma remains challenging nowadays because the protective blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes drug penetration into brain and the limited efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. While strong positively charged nanoparticles have good permeability through the BBB, they often come with the caveat of cationic toxicity to healthy tissues and organs during blood circulation. Here we show a neutrally charged nanoprobe with a surface decorated with γ-glutamyl moieties that can be cleaved by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme overexpressed on brain capillaries.