An automated approach to identify sarcasm in low-resource language.

Sarcasm detection has emerged due to its applicability in natural language processing (NLP) but lacks substantial exploration in low-resource languages like Urdu, Arabic, Pashto, and Roman-Urdu. While fewer studies identifying sarcasm have focused on low-resource languages, most of the work is in English. This research addresses the gap by exploring the efficacy of diverse machine learning (ML) algorithms in identifying sarcasm in Urdu.

Significance and implications of FHIT gene expression and promoter hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Background: Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) has been documented to play a vital role in various cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Keeping in view the plausible role of FHIT gene, we aimed to examine DNA promoter hypermethylation and mRNA expression in ALL cases in Kashmir (North India).

Methods: A total of 66 cases of ALL were analyzed for FHIT mRNA expression and promoter methylation by qRT-PCR and Methylation Specific-PCR (MS-PCR) respectively.

Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Metabolic Resolution Post Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Associated Weight Loss.

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) is characterized by mild cortisol deficiency, excess androgens and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) production, and often with various features of dysmetabolic syndrome. Elective bariatric surgery is one of the most effective long-term management strategies for severe obesity. Our case presents a 34-year-old woman with symptomatic NCCAH and class III obesity who status post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) had significant weight loss with metabolic resolution of NCCAH, and no longer required glucocorticoid (GC) therapy.

Fahr Syndrome Secondary to Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Fahr syndrome is a rare neurologic disorder, usually affecting young and middle-aged adults, that can present with symptoms ranging from extrapyramidal to neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), characterized by parathyroid hormone (PTH)-resistance or PTH-unresponsiveness at target organs, is associated with Fahr syndrome and typically presents with hypocalcemia. The following case presents a 39-year-old-woman with PHP complicated by symptomatic hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and movement disturbances, who had computed tomography imaging showing basal ganglia calcifications consistent with Fahr syndrome.

EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) POLYMORPHIC VARIATIONS (-216G/T & -191 C/A) POSE A HIGH RISK TO PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMA.

Background: Malignant gliomas are the most frequent and lethal brain tumors. Their molecular aspects remain intangible but current studies have pointed to certain genetic polymorphic loci that pose the risk. The polymorphic sequence variations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) pathway play a vital role in the glioma risk, and the EGFR variants (216G>T and 191C>A) are identified to affect the risk for the development of different tumors including glioma.

EMS: Efficient Monitoring System to Detect Non-Cooperative Nodes in IoT-Based Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs).

Since several Internet of Things (IoT) applications have been widely deployed on unstable wireless networks, such as the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN), data communication efficiency in DTN remains a challenge for IoT applications. Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) has become one of DTN's potential applications, in which the network experiences connectivity interruption due to the lack of an end-to-end relay route. VDTNs focus on node cooperation to achieve this goal.

A Case of Hypoglycemia With Concomitant Use of a Sulfonylurea and Clopidogrel.

Hypoglycemia secondary to sulfonylureas and clopidogrel have been independently described in the literature. However, there has been minimal investigation into the risk of clopidogrel-induced hypoglycemia in the setting of long-term or concomitant sulfonylurea use in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We present a case of a patient with diabetes well managed on glimepiride (second-generation sulfonylurea) for more than 10 years who presented with an episode of hypoglycemia shortly after initiation of clopidogrel for peripheral vascular disease.

Normal Saline Versus Low Chloride Solutions in Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.

Traditionally, normal saline solution (NSS) has been the fluid of choice in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) patients, but the NSS is an acidic fluid and may lead to the delayed resolution of DKA. A systemic review search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Central Cochrane Registry to compare the efficacy of low chloride solutions with normal saline solution in DKA resolution. Randomized clinical trials with normal saline as a control arm and low chloride solutions as an intervention arm were included.

Analysis of MNS16A VNTR polymorphic sequence variations of the gene and associated risk for development of bladder cancer.

Background: The MNS16A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase () gene acts as a regulator of promoter activity and has been shown to have a role in the predisposition toward various cancers. The current study aimed to investigate the association between MNS16A VNTR alleles and genetic predisposition to bladder cancer in the Kashmir region of northern India.

Materials And Methods: A total of 130 patients with bladder cancer and 170 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study.

A Rare Case of Hypoparathyroidism and Myxedema Coma in a Patient With Diamond-Blackfan Anemia.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare genetic condition that presents due to bone marrow failure caused by a dysfunction in ribosomal biogenesis and function. The patients would often require chronic transfusions as treatment, which puts them at high risk for the development of secondary hemochromatosis. This secondary hemochromatosis results in endocrinopathies due to iron deposition into the endocrine glands.

Implications of VEGF gene sequence variations and its expression in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Research Question: What is the association between VEGF gene sequence variants and its mRNA expression in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a prominent role in pregnancy and affects pregnancy outcome. The association of VEGF gene 1154G>A, 634G>C and 583C>T polymorphic variations with cases of RPL and full-term fertile women as controls was investigated.

Design: Two hundred women with RPL and 240 women healthy controls were included.

High incidences of chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome micro-deletions as prominent causes for recurrent pregnancy losses in highly ethnic and consanguineous population.

Purpose: Recurrent Miscarriages (RM) commonly complicates the reproductive outcome where prominently chromosomal aberrations and molecular factors lead to recurrent miscarriages. We investigated couples with RM for cytogenetic abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in males along with detection of aneuploidies de novo in the product of conception from a highly ethnic consanguineous population (Kashmir, North India) .

Study Design: Chromosomal analysis was done by Karyotyping on peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and analyzed by Cytovision software Version 3.

Significant Implications of Gene Sequence Variations and Its Protein Expression in Bladder Cancer.

Apolipoprotein A1 () is a potential biomarker because of its variable concentration in different types of cancers. The current study is the first of its kind to evaluate the association between the genotypes of -75 G/A and +83 C/T in tandem with the protein expression in urine samples to find out the risk and potential relationship for differentially expressed urinary proteins and genotypes. The study included 108 cases of bladder tumors and 150 healthy controls that were frequency matched to cases with respect to age, sex, and smoking status.

Association of -75G/A and +83C/T polymorphic variation with acute coronary syndrome patients in Kashmir (India).

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comes under the ambit of cardiovascular disease.APOA-1 gene plays a vital role in lipid metabolism and has been observed to have plausible role in ACS. This cross sectional case-control study was conducted to evaluate association between 1-75G/A(rs1799837), +83C/T (rs5069) genotypes and risk for ACS.

A Rare Case of Renal Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas in multiple organs. It most commonly involves lungs and it is very rare to find isolated cases affecting other organ systems with no associated pulmonary findings. We hereby present a case of a young 30-year-old male who was referred to the hospital by his primary medical doctor due to right eye pain secondary to iritis and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Co-infection of hepatitis E virus and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A genuine risk in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: There is a high prevalence of malaria and viral hepatitis in South Africa. Co-infection with Plasmodium malaria (leading to cerebral malaria) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a rare phenomenon.

Case Presentation: A 33-year-old African American male with no past medical history developed altered mental status on his return from Ivory Coast.

Influence of prominent immunomodulatory cytokines TNF-α308 G>A (rs1800629) and TGFβ1 G>C (rs1800471) sequence variations as an important contributing factor in etiopathogenesis of recurrent miscarriages in Kashmiri women (North India).

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 308 G>A (rs1800629) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1G>C (rs1800471) to confer risk in patients with recurrent miscarriage in highly consanguineous population of Kashmir (North India).

Methods: A total of 200 women who experienced two or more recurrent miscarriages (along with 100 spouses, 60 products of conception, and 240 healthy controls) with two or more full-term pregnancies were recruited from the same geographical region and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results: TNF-α 308 G>A variant genotype (AA) was significantly associated with recurrent miscarriage cases (2.

Favorable role of 1/2 mutations aided with promoter gene methylation in the outcome of patients with malignant glioma.

Aim: The implications of molecular biomarkers 1/2 mutations and gene promoter methylation were evaluated for prognostic outcome of glioma patients.

Materials & Methods: Glioma cases were analyzed for 1/2 mutations and promoter methylation by DNA sequencing and methylation-specific PCR, respectively.

Results: Mutations found in 1/2 genes totaled 63.

COVID-19 Induced Myocarditis: A Rare Cause of Heart Failure.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing lung injury has been well documented in the literature recently. They do so primarily by binding to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors. However, since these receptors are also expressed in the heart and blood vessels, coronavirus can also cause damage to these organs by binding to the ACE-2 receptors.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced pneumonitis in an immunocompetent adult: A case report.

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is one of the herpes viruses that is responsible for causing infectious mononucleosis, lymphomas, and carcinomas primarily in immunocompromised individuals. We present a case of EBV-induced pneumonitis in an immunocompetent female, successfully treated with steroids. The patient is a 70 year-old female with a history of infectious mononucleosis in her teens who presented to the emergency room with worsening shortness of breath, associated with cough and fever.

A Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease - An Unfortunate Complication of Untreated Rheumatoid Arthritis!

Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a rare extraarticular manifestation of the systemic autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. RA-ILD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It is more commonly seen in patients with risk factors, which include male sex, severe rheumatoid arthritis, and smoking.

SGLT-2 Inhibitors-a Culprit of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Postbariatric Surgery.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 SGLT2 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that are currently being recommended as second-line therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. They have grown increasingly popular over recent years, as they have been shown to have some protective effects on the heart and kidneys, both organ systems that diabetes mellitus has shown to have deleterious effect on over time. Despite their growing popularity, they have been found to increase the risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Brief Review of the Literature.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that are currently being recommended as second-line therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. SGLT-2 Inhibitors function by inhibiting renal cotransporters, which reduces the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney, ultimately decreasing the concentration of glucose in the body. They have gained popularity in recent years due to their protective effects on the heart and kidneys - both organ systems that diabetes mellitus has shown to have a deleterious effect on.

Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Cause of Fever of Unknown Origin.

Acute hepatitis is most often self-resolving and a benign condition that rarely requires any anti-viral drugs. In immunocompromised patients (HIV-infected patients and transplant recipients), the morbidity and mortality associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have been extensively reported in the medical literature. We are describing a rare case of acute severe cytomegalovirus hepatitis in an immunocompetent host.