Spinal fusion surgery use among adults with low back pain enrolled in a digital musculoskeletal program: an observational study.

Objectives: To compare 12-month spinal fusion surgery rates in the setting of low back pain among digital musculoskeletal (MSK) program participants versus a comparison cohort who only received usual care.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study with propensity score matched comparison cohort using commercial medical claims data representing over 100 million commercially insured lives.

Methods: All study subjects experienced low back pain between January 2020 and December 2021.