Antiseizure Medications: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects in Drug Development.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Antiseizure medications (ASM) remain a critical therapeutic intervention for treating epilepsy, notwithstanding the rapid development of other therapies. There have been substantial advances in epilepsy medications over the past three decades, with over 20 ASMs now available commercially.

Korth toxicity: Experimental findings and future prospects.

(Roxb.) Korth, locally known as kratom, is a traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, with mitragynine as its principal alkaloid. Similar to other medicinal plants, kratom has side effects and toxicities, which have been documented in scientific studies and case reports.

New α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants in optimized Jack leaves extract identified by gC-MS-based metabolomics and molecular docking.

Our earlier research demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant activities of the optimised extract of leaves. It was reported having numerous compounds, although it was unclear which compounds exhibit the bioactivities as well as their binding interaction to the enzyme. This study aimed to identify the compounds possessing AGI and antioxidant activities in the extract utilising GC-MS-based metabolomics, and to analyse the ligand-enzyme binding interactions molecular docking.

A review on (Rubiaceae) as a prominent medicinal plant based on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.

Korth (kratom) is a tropical indigenous tree of Southeast Asia. It is commonly consumed by the people due to its various pharmacological properties. The leaves of this plant are traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases including pain, fever, cough, anxiety, depression, obesity, diarrhoea, wound healing, diabetes, hypertension as well as for the prevention of cancer and improvement of sexual performance.

Identification of putative α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants in rhizome using LCMS-based metabolomics and molecular docking.

Metabolite profiling is required to reveal bioactive chemicals in ginger rhizome for supporting its traditional claim as anti-diabetic agent. This study aimed to evaluate α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant activities of the rhizome, to identify its putative α-glucosidase inhibitors, and to analyse the protein-ligand interaction of the inhibitors. The ginger extracts were tested to AGI assay and analysed using LCMS-based metabolomics to pinpoint the putative α-glucosidase inhibitors.

In Vitro Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activities and Toxicological Study of Optimized Jack Leaves Extract.

Jack (Family: Rubiaceae, local name: Salung) is a traditional herb used to treat diabetes. A previous study by our research group demonstrated that methanolic and water extract exhibits significant potential as an effective agent for managing diabetes. Further research has been performed on the extraction optimization of this plant to enhance its inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, a key enzyme associated with diabetes, and to reduce its toxicity.

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and toxicity evaluation of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract.

Ocimum aristatum, commonly known as O. stamineus, has been widely studied for its potential as an herbal medicine candidate. This research aims to compare the efficacy of water and 100% ethanolic extracts of O.

Ethanolic Extract of Protects Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y) against HO-Induced Oxidative Stress.

Neuronal models are an important tool in neuroscientific research. Hydrogen peroxide (HO), a major risk factor of neuronal oxidative stress, initiates a cascade of neuronal cell death. Huds, known as 'kesum', is widely used in traditional medicine.

Cardioprotective effects of arjunolic acid in LPS-stimulated H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes via the My88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway.

Context: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin found in (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae).

The role of lutein-rich purple sweet potato leaf extract on the amelioration of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats.

The objective of this study is to access the effect of purple sweet potato leaf (PSPL) extract on diabetic retinopathy (DR) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ, and diabetes was confirmed on day 7. Rats were further divided into a few groups, which were then orally administered with one of the following treatments: 25 mg/kg of gliclazide (D25G), 200 mg/kg of PSPL extract (DT 200), and 400 mg/kg of PSPL extract (DT 400).

Flavonoids as Potential Wound-Healing Molecules: Emphasis on Pathways Perspective.

Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. Wounds become worse because of unhealthy lifestyles and habits. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that is essential for restoring the epithelial barrier after an injury.

In Vitro, In Silico and Network Pharmacology Mechanistic Approach to Investigate the -Glucosidase Inhibitors Identified by Q-ToF-LCMS from Fruit Subcritical CO Extract.

The fruit of have been traditionally used as an antidiabetic remedy in Malaysia and neighbouring countries. Despite its potential for diabetes treatment, no scientific study has ever been conducted to predict the inhibitor interaction of the protein -glucosidase identified in an extract prepared with a non-conventional extraction technique. Hence, the major aim of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, the -glucosidase inhibitors, and the molecular dynamic simulations of the -glucosidase inhibitors identified by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Q-ToF-LCMS) analysis.

Flavonoids as Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Agents: A Review on Structural Activity Relationship-Based Studies and Meta-Analysis.

Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites which have been reported to demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, most importantly, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and inflammation and vascular complications in diabetes is now well established. Flavonoids possessing antidiabetic properties may alleviate inflammation by reducing hyperglycaemia through different mechanisms of action.

A Review with Updated Perspectives on the Antiviral Potentials of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Their Prospects in Antiviral Therapy.

Exploration of the traditional medicinal plants is essential for drug discovery and development for various pharmacological targets. Various phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants were extensively studied for antiviral activity. This review aims to highlight the role of medicinal plants against viral infections that remains to be the leading cause of human death globally.

Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation.

According to the latest report released by the World Health Organization, bacterial resistance to well-known and widely available antibacterial drugs has become a significant and severe global health concern and a grim challenge to tackle in order to cure infections associated with multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms efficiently. Consequently, various strategies have been orchestrated to cure the severe complications related to multidrug-resistant bacteria effectively. Some approaches involved the retardation of biofilm formation and multidrug-resistance pumps in bacteria as well as the discovery of new antimicrobial agents demonstrating different mechanisms of action.

Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants.

Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to the regeneration rate of the bone fracture.

Soft-Chewable Paracetamol Tablets by Melt Granulation Method: Formulation and Characterization.

Background: Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for drug administration in the world, with tablets being one of the most common dosage forms. However, some people, particularly children and the elderly, have difficulty swallowing the tablets. Chewable tablets are the dosage form that can address the issue while also providing a valuable masking effect on drug taste, allowing patients to swallow the drugs more easily.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Jack.

Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking.

An Anticancer Activity Evaluation of (Roxb.) Bosser Leaves' Extract and its Metabolite Profile.

The leaves of (NC) (Roxb.) Bosser (family: Rubiaceae) are traditionally used to treat breast cancer in Malaysia; however, this traditional claim is yet to be scientifically verified. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of NC leaves' ethanol extract against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using an cell viability, cytotoxicity, and gene expression assays followed by the gas chromatography analysis to further confirm active principles.

GC-MS- and NMR-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Reveal the Potential Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Jack Leaves.

Jack leaf, known in Indonesia as "daun salung", is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Despite its potential, the phytochemical study related to its anti-diabetic activity is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to identify putative inhibitors of α-glucosidase, a prominent enzyme contributing to diabetes type 2 in leaf extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, and to investigate the molecular interaction between those inhibitors and the enzyme through in silico approach.

: a review of ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry.

Context: (Schweinf) Harms (Meliaceae) is an important medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical countries of Africa. Traditionally, is used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, malaria, abdominal pain and diarrhoea.

Objective: To provide an overview of traditional medicinal claims, pharmacological properties, and phytochemical principles of as a basis for its clinical applications and further research and development of new drugs.

Striatum Hyperactivity Triggers Relapse to Morphine and Methamphetamine (Polydrug) Dependence in Mice.

Introduction: κ-opioid receptor (KOPr) system has been linked to relapse to many substances, especially opioids. Positive responses were recently reported in morphine and methamphetamine (polydrug)-dependent mice treated with buprenorphine and naltrexone, a functional κ antagonist.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the specific brain region that is responsive to KOPr treatment following polydrug dependence.

Characterization of -Glucosidase Inhibitors from Jack Leaves Extract Using LC-MS-Based Multivariate Data Analysis and In-Silico Molecular Docking.

Jack has traditionally been used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential, the scientific proof in relation to this plant is still lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the -glucosidase inhibitors in leaf extracts using a metabolomics approach and to elucidate the ligand-protein interactions through in silico techniques.

Medicinal Potential of Isoflavonoids: Polyphenols That May Cure Diabetes.

In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism.

Modulation of metabolic alterations of obese diabetic rats upon treatment with Salacca zalacca fruits extract using H NMR-based metabolomics.

Fruit of salak (Salacca zalacca) is traditionally used and commercialized as an antidiabetic agent. However, the scientific evidence to prove this traditional use is lacking. This research was aimed to evaluate the metabolic changes of obese-diabetic (OBDC) rats treated with S.