Assessment the Combining Medications with Tobacco during Water-Pipe Smoking among the University Students in Jordan.

Background: Water-pipe smoking, popularly known as "hookah" or "shisha," is a widespread social activity in the Middle East, involving the use of a water-filtered device to vaporize flavored tobacco. A concerning trend has emerged as individuals add various drugs to the tobacco mixture, complicating the health implications.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the prevalence, demographic factors, and motivations behind drug mixing with tobacco in shisha among university students in Jordan.

Metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles toxicity primarily targets the mitochondria of hepatocytes and renal cells.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized in various applications, posing potential risks to human health, tissues, cells, and macromolecules. This study aimed to investigate the ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes and renal tubular cells induced by metallic and metal oxide NPs. Adult healthy male Wistar albino rats () were divided into 6 ( = 7) control and 6 treated groups ( = 7).

Preclinical evaluation of novel synthesised nanoparticles based on tyrosine poly(ester amide) for improved targeted pulmonary delivery.

Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) incorporating two or three medicines in a single inhaler have been created to enhance patient compliance and hence clinical outcomes. However, the development of dry powder inhalers (DPIs), particularly for FDCs, faces challenges pertinent to formulation uniformity and reproducibility. Therefore, this project aimed to employ nanotechnology to develop a FDC of DPIs for market-leading medicines-fluticasone propionate (FP) and salmeterol xinafoate (SAL)-for asthma management.

Maternal separation influences hepatic drug-metabolizing CYP450 gene expression without pathological changes in adult mice.

Objectives: The principal motive of this study is to explore the influence maternal separation (MS) exhibits on the mRNA expression of major drug metabolizing-cyp450s in parallel with the assessment of pathological changes that can be induced by MS in the livers of experimental mice.

Methods: Eighteen mouse pups, comprising of both males and females, were separated from their mothers after birth. Following a six-week period during when the pups became adults, the mice were sacrificed and their livers were isolated for analysis of weight, pathohistological alterations, and the mRNA expression of drug metabolizing cyp450 genes: , , , and .

Evaluating NSAIDs in SARS-CoV-2: Immunomodulatory mechanisms and future therapeutic strategies.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely recognized for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the role of NSAIDs in modulating viral and bacterial infections has become a critical area of research, sparking debates and necessitating a thorough review. This review examines the multifaceted interactions between NSAIDs, immune responses, and infections.

Effects of (Sm.) Helder Ethanolic Extract on the mRNA Expression of Drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the Mouse Livers.

Background: Alteration in the expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can alter the pharmacokinetics and hence the response of the drug. Some chemicals found in herbs and fruits affect the expression of DMEs. is commonly used in Middle Eastern Arabic countries.

Quantification of Ochratoxin A in 90 spice and herb samples using the ELISA method.

This study addressed the challenge of accurately detecting mycotoxins in herbs and spices, which have gained popularity as alternative medicines but pose health risks due to potential contamination. We used a competitive direct ELISA kit (Art No. 8610), Veratox for Ochratoxin, to quantify Ochratoxin A in the herb and spice samples.

Medicine and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice regarding Artificial Intelligence Programs: Jordan and West Bank of Palestine.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) programs generate responses to input text, showcasing their innovative capabilities in education and demonstrating various potential benefits, particularly in the field of medical education. The current knowledge of health profession students about AI programs has still not been assessed in Jordan and the West Bank of Palestine (WBP).

Aim: This study aimed to assess students' awareness and practice of AI programs in medicine and pharmacy in Jordan and the WBP.

Does Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Affect the Fasting Blood Glucose Level among Type II Diabetic Patients?

Background: The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) is influenced by several factors, including health status, genetics, and diet. Some studies have reported a beneficial effect of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) on diabetic patients. However, clinical observations have shown that diabetes is exacerbated in some patients.

Effects of intermittent fasting on the histology and mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice.

There is a variation in drug response among patients who practice intermittent fasting. Alteration in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can affect the pharmacokinetics and drug response. This research aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting on the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice.

Hepatic ultrastructural alterations induced by copper oxide nanoparticles: In vivo electron microscopy study.

Copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NPs) have been widely utilized in many fields, including antibacterial materials, anti-tumor, osteoporosis treatments, imaging, drug delivery, cosmetics, lubricants for metallic coating, the food industry, and electronics. Little is known about the potential risk to human health and ecosystems. The present work was conducted to investigate the ultrastructural changes induced by 20 ± 5 nm CuO NPs in hepatic tissues.

Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity in the Vital Organs of the Body: Study.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity can adversely affect vital organs, cause pathologic ocular damage, and can have direct cardiovascular effects. This study aims to identify the biochemical, hematological, and histological alterations of the vital organs associated with the effects of HCQ.

Methods: Male albino rats were exposed to the equivalent of HCQ therapeutic doses given to human patients being affected by malaria, lupus erythematosus, and COVID-19.

Flumazenil Pretreatment Reduces Mefenamic Acid-Induced Central Nervous System Toxicity in Mice.

Background: Mefenamic acid (MFA), a common analgesic, causes central nervous system (CNS) toxicity at high doses with a proposed activity on the Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. However, it remains unknown whether flumazenil (FMZ), a GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) antagonist, can reverse MFA toxicity.

Methods: The behavioral and neurophysiological effects of MFA were investigated in mice with and without FMZ pre-treatment.

Taste Masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride Using l-Arginine Polyamide-Based Nanocapsules.

Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ), a potent H1-histamine blocker widely used to prevent motion sickness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, has a bitter taste. In the present study, taste masked PMZ nanocapsules (NCs) were prepared using an interfacial polycondensation technique. A one-step approach was used to expedite the synthesis of NCs made from a biocompatible and biodegradable polyamide based on l-arginine.

Prolonged Maternal Separation Reduces Anxiety State and Increases Compulsive Burying Activity in the Offspring of BALB/c Mice.

Background: The elevated plus maze (EPM) and the marble burying (MB) tests are common behavioral tests used for behavioral phenotyping in mouse models for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the behavioral effects of maternal separation (MS), a standard paradigm for early life stress in animals, in both the EPM and MB tests remain incompletely known.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the behavioral effects of prolonged MS in the offspring of mice using the EPM and MB tests.

On the toxicity of gold nanoparticles: Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations.

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications together with a variety of industrial purposes and in many biomedical sectors with potential risks to human health. The present study aimed to the histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations induced by Au NPS in vital organs. Healthy male Wistar Albino rats () were subjected to 20 injections of 10-nm Au NPs at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg.

Effects of Fasting and on the Expression of Major Drug- Metabolizing Enzymes in the Mouse Livers.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of consuming Phoenix dactylifera and fasting on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice.

Methods: Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. We used forty-two male Balb/c mice, which were treated with low (300 mg/kg) and high (2583 mg/kg) doses of Phoenix dactylifera and fasted for 24 hours, two weeks, and one month.

Target-Based Small Molecule Drug Discovery for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Molecular Pathways and In Silico Studies.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types. Although there have been breakthroughs in its treatments, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and genetic involvement in colorectal cancer will have a substantial role in producing novel and targeted treatments with better safety profiles. In this review, the main molecular pathways and driver genes that are responsible for initiating and propagating the cascade of signaling molecules reaching carcinoma and the aggressive metastatic stages of colorectal cancer were presented.

Analgesics Induce Alterations in the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry and Arachidonic-Acid-Metabolizing Genes in the Mouse Lungs.

Paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in the management of respiratory viral infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of the most commonly used analgesics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) on the mRNA expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry and arachidonic-acid-metabolizing genes in mouse lungs. A total of twenty eight Balb/c mice were divided into four groups and treated separately with vehicle, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac in clinically equivalent doses for 14 days.

Synthesis and In-Vivo Evaluation of Benzoxazole Derivatives as Promising Anti-Psoriatic Drugs for Clinical Use.

2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-benzoxazoleacetic acid (CBA) and its ester, methyl-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-benzoxazoleacetate (MCBA), were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by HNMR, IR, and mass spectrophotometry. The anti-psoriatic activities of CBA and MCBA were tested using an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mouse model, in which mice were treated both topically (1% ) and orally (125 mg/kg) for 14 days. The erythema intensity, thickness, and desquamation of psoriasis were scored by calculating the psoriasis area severity index (PASI).

Renal ultrastructural damage induced by chronic exposure to copper oxide nanomaterials: Electron microscopy study.

Copper oxide nanomaterials are used in many biomedical, agricultural, environmental, and industrial sectors with potential risk to human health and the environment. The present study was conducted to determine the renal ultrastructural damage caused by 25 nm CuO nanoparticles in renal tissues. Adult healthy male Wister Albino rats () were administered 35 intraperitoneal injections of CuO nanoparticles (2 mg/kg).

Behavioural alterations induced by chronic exposure to 10 nm silicon dioxide nanoparticles.

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO NPs) are widely invested in medicine, industry, agriculture, consuming products, optical imaging agents, cosmetics, and drug delivery. However, the toxicity of these NPs on human health and the ecosystem have not been extensively studied and little information is available about their behavioural toxicities. The current study aimed to find out the behavioural alterations that might be induced by chronic exposure to 10 nm SiO NPs.

Assessment of the need for pharmacogenomics education among pharmacists in the West Bank of Palestine.

Background: Pharmacogenomics testing aims to optimise therapy and reduce the inter-individual variation in drug response. One of the major barriers against the implementation of pharmacogenomics testing is the low level of knowledge on the topic.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the need for pharmacogenomics education among pharmacists in the West Bank of Palestine.

Synthesis of Novel Esters of Mefenamic Acid with Pronounced Anti-nociceptive Effects and a Proposed Activity on GABA Opioid and Glutamate Receptors.

Background: Mefenamic acid (MFA), a commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), possesses a greater risk of dose-related central nervous system (CNS) toxicity than other NSAIDs. In this study, α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol acetate were selected as prodrug moieties for MFA in an attempt to reduce the CNS toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy.

Method: α-tocopherol monoester of MFA (TMMA) and α-tocopherol di-ester of MFA (TDMA) were synthesized by esterification reaction and were subjected to various in vivo characterizations.

Molecular toxicological alterations in the mouse hearts induced by sub-chronic thiazolidinedione drugs administration.

Thiazolidinediones are well-known anti-diabetic drugs. However, they are not widely used due to their cardiotoxic effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the molecular toxicological alterations induced in the mouse hearts after thiazolidinedione administration.