Validated Spectrofluorometric Assay for Folic Acid Determination in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms via Basic Fuchsin Fluorescence Quenching.

A simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective spectrofluorometric method for quantifying folic acid has been developed using basic fuchsin as a fluorescence quenching agent. This method relies on the quenching effect of folic acid on the inherent fluorescence of basic fuchsin, facilitated by their interaction in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 9, leading to the formation of an ion-associated complex. The decrease in fluorescence intensity of basic fuchsin was measured at 730 nm, with excitation at 365 nm.

Nanozymes: Classification and Analytical Applications - A Review.

The recent discovery of a new class of nanomaterials called nanozymes, which have the action of enzymes and are thus of tremendous significance, has altered our understanding of these previously believed to be biologically inert nanomaterials. As a significant and exciting class of synthetic enzymes, nanozymes have distinct advantages over natural enzymes. They are less expensive, more stable, and easier to work with and store, making them a viable substitute.

Orbital hydatid cyst and its successful treatment: A case report from Afghanistan.

Purpose: This study aims to underscore the rarity of intraorbital hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive exploration and documentation for effective management.

Observations: Clinical presentations include proptosis, visual deterioration, ocular motility disruptions, and chemosis. A case study of an 8-year-old boy with a retroorbital hydatid cyst successfully resected through a right transcaruncular orbitotomy approach is presented, highlighting surgical complexities and the efficacy of pre and post-operative albendazole therapy.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots for Determination of Pharmacological and Biological Samples: A Review.

Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel category of carbon-based nanomaterials characterized by their small size, often less than 10 nm. CDs physical, chemical, and optical properties can be tuned using one-pot assembly. Because of their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, chemical and physical responsiveness, photo- and chemical-bleaching resistance, and low cost, nanoparticles have become incredibly versatile.

Arachnoid cyst in the quadrigeminal cistern: A case from Afghanistan.

Arachnoid cysts, fluid-filled lesions within the central nervous system, pose diagnostic challenges. This study examines a unique case of a quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst in a 13-year-old girl, emphasizing accurate identification and treatment. The patient's symptoms of blurred vision and headaches led to the discovery of papilledema and imaging revealing a sizable cyst causing obstructive hydrocephalus.

Unraveling the Role of COMT Polymorphism in Dopamine-Mediated Vasopressor Effects: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

Aims: To evaluate the association between rs4680 polymorphism in the COMT gene and the vasoconstrictive effects of commonly used vasopressors.

Background: Dopamine is a medication that is given intravenously to critically ill patients to help increase blood pressure. Catechol O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) breaks down dopamine and other catecholamines.

Renal Infarction as the First Manifestation of Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation With Coexisting Left Atrial Thrombus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Acute renal infarction, presenting with nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria, can lead to delayed diagnosis due to similarities with other medical conditions. Computed tomography with IV contrast is used to diagnose renal parenchymal infarction, treated through surgical, percutaneous interventions, and anticoagulation therapy. Investigation for the infarction source is crucial, particularly in the absence of prior cardiac issues, necessitating heart rhythm monitoring and an echocardiogram to evaluate paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and intracardiac thrombus, respectively.

The Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Narrative Review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, prevalent, debilitating, and degenerative disease that affects a large population, and the treatment options for the patients are limited. Although progress has been made in COPD pathogenesis, etiology, and management, there is still an unmet need to develop novel therapies. COPD management has recently seen a focus on a multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation approach to help patients manage the disease better.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Optimization of Acetaminophen and its Metabolites Following Intravenous Infusion in Critically ill Adults.

Background And Objective: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a ubiquitously administered drug in critically ill patients. Considering the dearth of literature, we evaluated the population pharmacokinetics of intravenous acetaminophen and its principal metabolites (sulfate and glucuronide) in this population.

Methods: Critically ill adults receiving intravenous acetaminophen were included in the study.

International cooperation to fight cancer's late-stage presentation in low- and middle-income countries.

Cancer is becoming a massive public health burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). 70% of all cancer deaths globally are attributed to LMIC while the incidence proportion is below 60%. The main reason for the higher mortality rate is "late-stage presentation" of patients with stage III or IV diseases when being diagnosed.

Evaluation of the Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Metabolizing Enzymes with the Serum Concentration of Paracetamol and Its Metabolites.

Intravenous paracetamol is a commonly administered analgesic and antipyretic in inpatient settings. Paracetamol is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes followed by conjugating enzymes to mainly glucuronide but to a lesser extent, sulphate metabolites, and oxidative metabolites. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP enzymes result in modified enzymatic activity.

Left Ventricular Thrombus Formation in a Structurally and Functionally Normal Heart: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Left ventricular (LV) thrombosis usually occurs as a complication of acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and dilated cardiomyopathy. It also occurs in patients with a hypercoagulable state. However, in the setting of normal systolic function, LV thrombi are extremely rare.

Biochemical profiling of lead-intoxicated impaired lipid metabolism and its amelioration using plant-based bioactive compound.

The aim of this study was to investigate the lead (Pb)-induced lipid metabolism impairment and its amelioration using plant-based therapeutic interventions. Pb-induced hepatotoxicity can disturb the normal levels of natural antioxidant enzymes including glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) exerting a crucial impact on membrane unsaturated fatty acids (FA), hence leading to lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, Pb toxicity can also alter the regulation of various hormones involved in the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-methyl glutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA reductase), leading to an impairment in normal levels of serum cholesterol and other associated conjugated lipid molecules such HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol.

Biomedical Applications of Carbohydrate-based Polyurethane: From Biosynthesis to Degradation.

The foremost common natural polymers are carbohydrate-based polymers or polysaccharides, having a long chain of monosaccharide or disaccharide units linked together via glycosidic linkage to form a complex structure. There are several uses of carbohydrate-based polymers in the biomedical sector due to their attractive features, including less toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, high reactivity, availability, and relative inexpensiveness. The aim of our study was to explore the synthetic approaches for the preparation of numerous carbohydrate-based polyurethanes (PUs) and their wide range of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

A case report of cerebral venous infarction due to venous sinus thrombosis as complication in a Covid-19 patient.

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by a new corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) and well known to increase the risk of developing venous thromboembolism; thus, patients with COVID-19 may present with neurological disorders. Venous thromboembolism is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. We report a case of 35 years old woman who presented neurological disorders due to venous infarction and venous sinus thrombosis as complication in COVID-19.

Genetic susceptibility of δ-ALAD associated with lead (Pb) intoxication: sources of exposure, preventive measures, and treatment interventions.

Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) is involved in the synthesis of haem and exhibits a polymorphic nature. δ-ALAD polymorphism produces two alleles, namely δ-ALAD-1 and δ-ALAD-2, which in turn produce three different phenotypes, namely δ-ALAD1-1, δ-ALAD1-2, and δ-ALAD2-2. δ-ALAD gene is more susceptible to lead (Pb) toxicity than any other genes.

Biochemical investigation of human exposure to aflatoxin M1 and its association with risk factors of diabetes mellitus.

Recently, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) has emerged as a major health concern owing to its exposure to human being via consumption of milk, dairy products, and food commodities, and this has a strong association with risk factors that may lead to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and various other associated metabolic disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the exposure to AFM1 and its association with sociodemographic features and risk factors of T2DM. Urine and blood samples from 672 participants were collected to investigate the concentration of AFM1 in urine and glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol), interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) from the blood of study participants.

A case report of gastric volvulus, a rare cause of acute abdomen.

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon disorder with an unknown incidence, unless it stays in the back of the diagnostician's mind, diagnosis of gastric volvulus, which can have significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, can be easily missed and can present either in the acute or chronic setting with variable symptoms. When it occurs in the acute scenario, patients present with severe epigastric pain and retching without vomiting. Together with inability to pass nasogastric tube, they constitute Borchardt's triad.

Fear of COVID-19 as a precautionary measure to prevent the epidemic among the population of the Kurdistan Region/Iraq: based on a questionnaire survey.

Background And Objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the appearance of a new coronavirus disease in Hubei province, China, to be a public health emergency of international concern. The objectives of this study can be highlighted through classifying the information sources for identifying protective practices, death probability, gender-death associations probability and education level.

Methodology: This is a descriptive design study conducted among the Kurdistan Region/Iraq population via an online application between 1 March and 1 May 2020.

Does fasting during Ramadan influence the therapeutic effect of warfarin?

What Is Known And Objectives: The changes in the therapeutic effect of warfarin during Ramadan fasting are controversial. Hence, we carried out the present study to assess if there are any alterations in the anticoagulation response to warfarin and identify the associated risk factors.

Methods: Patients receiving warfarin for at least 1 year were included in the present study.

Evaluation of inter-patient variability in the pharmacodynamic indices of warfarin.

Objectives: Warfarin exhibits huge inter-individual variability in therapeutic response. We assessed the extent and the factors affecting inter-individual variability in the anticoagulation control using pre-validated pharmacodynamic indices.

Methods: Patients receiving warfarin for at least 6 months were recruited.

Drug Utilization in Critically Ill Adults with Augmented Renal Clearance Compared to Normal Renal Clearance: Implications for use of Antimicrobials with Predominant Renal Excretion.

Background: Critically ill adults have Augmented Renal Clearance, (ARC) decreasing the systemic circulation of drugs with predominant renal elimination. The phenomenon of ARC is crucial for antimicrobial drugs as it hinders the therapeutic response and aids the development of antimicrobial resistance. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of ARC on an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital.

Possible effects of excipients used in the parenteral drugs administered in critically ill adults, children, and neonates.

Background: Critically ill patients receiving parenteral drugs are at an increased risk of exposure to various excipients administered simultaneously and at increased amounts. Hence, we carried out the present study.

Research Design And Methods: Patients admitted in the adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care units were recruited following their consent.