An Automatic Deep-Radiomics Framework for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Stratification in Patients with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop an automatic deep-radiomics framework that diagnoses and stratifies prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1124 patients with histological results and PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL were enrolled from one public dataset and two local institutions. An nnUNet was trained for prostate masks, and a feature extraction module identified suspicious lesion masks.

Biomarker Changes during 20 Years Preceding Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Biomarker changes that occur in the period between normal cognition and the diagnosis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease have not been extensively investigated in longitudinal studies.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, nested case-control study of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cognitively normal participants who were enrolled in the China Cognition and Aging Study from January 2000 through December 2020. A subgroup of these participants underwent testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cognitive assessments, and brain imaging at 2-year-to-3-year intervals.

Preconception Blood Pressure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) share clinical features and risk factors with cardiovascular disease and there is an increasing prevalence of hypertension among reproductive women. However, the associations between maternal preconception blood pressure (BP) and APOs remain controversial and inconclusive.

Methods: This population-based cohort study used data of 567 127 mother-neonate-father triads from the National Free Preconception Checkup Project in Guangdong Province, China.

Design and testing of a humanized porcine donor for xenotransplantation.

Recent human decedent model studies and compassionate xenograft use have explored the promise of porcine organs for human transplantation. To proceed to human studies, a clinically ready porcine donor must be engineered and its xenograft successfully tested in nonhuman primates. Here we describe the design, creation and long-term life-supporting function of kidney grafts from a genetically engineered porcine donor transplanted into a cynomolgus monkey model.

Blood Pressure Levels, Cardiovascular Events, and Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Without Antihypertensive Therapy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the thresholds to initiate BP-lowering treatment in this population are unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between BP levels and clinical outcomes and provide evidence on potential thresholds to initiate BP-lowering therapy in people with chronic kidney disease.

Preclinical Study of Immunotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy for Solid Tumors.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) is ineffective against cold tumors and, although it is effective against some hot tumors, drug resistance can occur. We have developed a immunotherapy (PI) that can overcome these shortcomings. However, the specific killing effect of PI on tumor cells is relatively weak.

Profiling Fusobacterium infection at high taxonomic resolution reveals lineage-specific correlations in colorectal cancer.

The bacterial genus Fusobacterium promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but an understanding of its precise composition at the species level in the human gut and the relevant association with CRC is lacking. Herein, we devise a Fusobacterium rpoB amplicon sequencing (FrpoB-seq) method that enables the differentiation of Fusobacterium species and certain subspecies in the microbiota. By applying this method to clinical tissue and faecal samples from CRC patients, we detect 62 Fusobacterium species, including 45 that were previously undescribed.

A novel STING agonist-adjuvanted pan-sarbecovirus vaccine elicits potent and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice, rabbits and NHPs.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potentially other highly pathogenic sarbecoviruses in the future highlights the need for pan-sarbecovirus vaccines. Here, we discovered a new STING agonist, CF501, and found that CF501-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine (CF501/RBD-Fc) elicited significantly stronger neutralizing antibody (nAb) and T cell responses than Alum- and cGAMP-adjuvanted RBD-Fc in mice. Vaccination of rabbits and rhesus macaques (nonhuman primates, NHPs) with CF501/RBD-Fc elicited exceptionally potent nAb responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its nine variants and 41 S-mutants, SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoVs.

A newly developed PCR-based method revealed distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies infection patterns in colorectal cancer.

Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has four subspecies (nucleatum, animalis, vincentii and polymorphum), plays an important role in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC). However, as there is no efficient method of differentiating these subspecies in the context of a rich gut microbiota, the compositions in CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, a PCR-based differentiation method enabling profiling of F.

Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China.

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Comparison of Administration of 0.02% Atropine and Orthokeratology for Myopia Control.

Objective: To compare the efficacies of 0.02% atropine eye drops and orthokeratology to control axial length (AL) elongation in children with myopia.

Methods: In this historical control study, 247 children with myopia whose administration of 0.

LTF, PRTN3, and MNDA in Synovial Fluid as Promising Biomarkers for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Identification by Quadrupole Orbital-Trap Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requires various laboratory and clinical criteria. The purpose of this study was to explore novel biomarkers that could rapidly diagnose PJI with high accuracy.

Methods: In this retrospective study of prospectively collected samples, 50 synovial fluid aspirates, 20 from the hip and 30 from the knee, were collected before surgery; 25 of the patients were diagnosed as having aseptic loosening (non-PJI) and 25, as having PJI according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria.

Normal-Appearing Cerebellar Damage in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Purpose: The cerebellum plays an important role in motor and cognitive functions. However, whether and how the normal-appearing cerebellum is impaired in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders remain unknown. We aimed to identify the occult structural damage of the cerebellum in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and its possible causes at the level of substructures.

Gene and Serum Folate Interaction on Serum Homocysteine Lowering: Prospect for Precision Folic Acid Treatment.

Objective: This post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial) assessed the individual variation in total homocysteine (tHcy)-lowering response after an average 4.5 years of 0.8 mg daily folic acid therapy in Chinese hypertensive adults and evaluated effect modification by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () C677T genotypes and serum folate levels.

Gray Matter Volume Reduction Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Neuromyelitis Optica.

Background And Purpose: Whether gray matter impairment occurs in neuromyelitis optica is a matter of ongoing debate, and the association of gray matter impairment with cognitive deficits remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate gray matter volume reductions and their association with cognitive decline in patients with neuromyelitis optica.

Materials And Methods: This study included 50 patients with neuromyelitis optica and 50 sex-, age-, handedness-, and education-matched healthy subjects who underwent high-resolution structural MR imaging examinations and a battery of cognitive assessments.

Low Population Selenium Status Is Associated With Increased Prevalence of Thyroid Disease.

Context: Epidemiological studies have supported the premise that an adequate selenium intake is essential for thyroid gland function.

Objective: The objective was to investigate whether the prevalence of thyroid disease differed in two areas that were similar, except for very different soil/crop selenium concentrations.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Overexpression of the FoxO1 Ameliorates Mesangial Cell Dysfunction in Male Diabetic Rats.

The dysfunction of mesangial cells (MCs) in high-glucose (HG) conditions plays pivotal role in inducing glomerular sclerosis by causing the imbalance between generation and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which ultimately leads to diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to determine the function of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), an important transcription factors in regulating cell metabolism and oxidative stress, in MCs in HG conditions. Up-regulation of fibronectin, collagen type IV, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was observed under HG conditions in vivo and in vitro, accompanied with elevation of protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and reduction of FoxO1 bioactivity.

Caspase recruitment domain 6 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload.

Caspase recruitment domain 6 (CARD6), a crucial member of the CARD family, was initially shown to be involved in the immune system and oncogenesis. However, the role of CARD6 in chronic pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unexplored. To evaluate the impact of CARD6 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac-specific CARD6 knockout mice and transgenic mice with cardiac-specific CARD6 overexpression were generated and subjected to aortic banding for 4 weeks.

Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing.

Significant effort has been applied to discover and develop vehicles which can guide small interfering RNAs (siRNA) through the many barriers guarding the interior of target cells. While studies have demonstrated the potential of gene silencing in vivo, improvements in delivery efficacy are required to fulfill the broadest potential of RNA interference therapeutics. Through the combinatorial synthesis and screening of a different class of materials, a formulation has been identified that enables siRNA-directed liver gene silencing in mice at doses below 0.