Silicotuberculosis: a critical narrative review.

Silicotuberculosis, the combination of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), remains a substantial clinical and public health problem in high TB burden countries with silica-exposed workforces. The objectives of this narrative review are to propose a definition of silicotuberculosis which includes post-tuberculous lung disease, to emphasise the importance of understanding how the two diseases modify each other, and to identify as yet unanswered questions relevant to clinical practice and disease control and mitigation. The unique aetiological relationship between silica exposure and TB is now firmly established, as is the accelerated impairment and mortality imposed by TB on individuals with silicosis.

Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study.

Background: Definition of chest X-ray (CXR) features associated with laboratory-confirmed pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-positive adults is needed to improve diagnosis in high-burden settings.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to identify CXR features associated with confirmed PCP diagnosis and severe PCP (defined by hypoxia, intensive care unit referral/admission, and/or in-hospital death). We also explored the performance of logistic regression models, incorporating selected clinical and CXR predictors, for PCP diagnosis and severe PCP.