Basis of single-seed formation in chestnut: cytomorphological observations reveal ovule developmental patterns of .

Background: Many plants, including those commonly found in the Fagaceae family, produce more flowers and ovules than mature fruits and seeds. In , an ovary contains 16-24 ovules, but only one develops into a seed. The other ovules abort or otherwise fail to fully develop, but the reason for this is unknown.

Controlling mission hazards through integrated abort and spare support optimization.

This study explores the risk management challenges associated with safety-critical systems required to execute specific missions. The working component experiences degradation governed by a continuous-time discrete-state Markov chain, whose failure leads to an immediate system breakdown and safety losses. To enhance system survivability, a limited number of identical spares are available for online replacement throughout the mission.

Counterintuitive DNA destabilization by monovalent salt at high concentrations due to overcharging.

Monovalent salts are generally believed to stabilize DNA duplex by weakening inter-strand electrostatic repulsion. Unexpectedly, our force-induced hairpin unzipping experiments and thermal melting experiments show that LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl at concentrations beyond ~1 M destabilize DNA, RNA, and RNA-DNA duplexes. The two types of experiments yield different changes in free energy during melting, while the results that high concentration monovalent salts destabilize duplexes are common.

Identification of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-related molecular clusters in prostate cancer: Implications for predicting biochemical recurrence.

Objective: To identify neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-related molecular clusters and establish a novel gene signature for predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: The transcriptome and clinicaldata of PCa sampleswere obtained from The TCGA and GEO databases. To identify NET-related molecular clusters, consensus clustering analyses were performed.

Prevalence and risk factors of pre-frailty and frailty in hemodialysis patients in central China.

The current study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors elements of pre-frailty and frailty among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in central China. A cross-sectional, multi-institutional investigation was conducted. From March to May 2024, using the convenience sampling method, a total of 408 HD patients from four hospitals in Xiangyang, China, were recruited for this study.