New strain Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5 produces both brevicidine and brevibacillin, exhibiting distinct antibacterial modes of action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

The growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made it imperative to search for new antimicrobial compounds derived from natural products. In the present study, Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5, isolated from red clay soil, was chosen as the subject for conducting additional antibacterial investigations. The fractions exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity (30% acetonitrile eluent from solid phase extraction) were purified through RP-HPLC.

Biocontrol of the causal brown patch pathogen by GH1-13 and development of a bacterial strain specific detection method.

Brown patch caused by the basidiomycete fungus is an economically important disease of cool-season turfgrasses. In order to manage the disease, different types of fungicides have been applied, but the negative impact of fungicides on the environment continues to rise. In this study, the beneficial bacteria GH1-13 was characterized as a potential biocontrol agent to manage brown patch disease.

Genome insights into the plant growth-promoting bacterium Saccharibacillus brassicae ATSA2.

Endophytes can facilitate the improvement of plant growth and health in agriculturally important crops, yet their genomes and secondary metabolites remain largely unexplored. We previously isolated Saccharibacillus brassicae strain ATSA2 from surface-sterilized seeds of kimchi cabbage and represented a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus. In this study, we evaluated the plant growth-promoting (PGP) effect of strain ATSA2 in kimchi cabbage, bok choy, and pepper plants grown in soils.

TSA32-1 as a Promising Agent for Biocontrol of Plant Pathogenic Fungi.

The use of synthetic fungicides has caused major problems such as soil and water pollution and negatively affects non-target species. Microbial biocontrol agents are needed for crop disease management to reduce agrochemical use. and related genera produce secondary metabolites with agricultural applications, such as the pathogen-control agent We isolated TSA32-1 from soil and identified its characteristics by sequencing its 16S rRNA.

Screening of Carbofuran-Degrading Bacteria sp. BSC2-3 and Unveiling the Change in Metabolome during Carbofuran Degradation.

Carbofuran is one of the most commonly used N-methylcarbamate-based pesticides and is excellent for controlling pests; however, carbofuran also causes soil and water pollution. Although various studies have been conducted on the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil, the changes occurring in the metabolome during the bioremediation of carbofuran are not fully understood. In this study, the intracellular and extracellular metabolites of the sp.

Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus NGPF1.

Microbial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limited research specifically elucidating the effects of distinct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on plant growth promotion. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of VOCs from NGPF1 on plant growth, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity of these VOCs.

Isolation and structural elucidation of pelgipeptin E, a novel pore-forming pelgipeptin analog from Paenibacillus elgii with low hemolytic activity.

Pelgipeptins are cyclic lipopeptides composed of nine amino acids and a short fatty acid chain. In the present study, we report a novel pelgipeptin peptide that was isolated from Paenibacillus elgii BC34-6 and named pelgipeptin E (PGP-E). The molecular mass of PGP-E was 1072 Da as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the amino acid sequence was elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry.

The production of ω-hydroxy palmitic acid using fatty acid metabolism and cofactor optimization in Escherichia coli.

Hydroxylated fatty acids (HFAs) are used as important precursors for bulk and fine chemicals in the chemical industry. Here, to overproduce long-chain (C16-C18) fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acid, their biosynthetic pathways including thioesterase (Lreu_0335) from Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20016, β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (fabZ) from Escherichia coli, and a P450 system (i.e.

Construction of target-specific virus-like particles for the delivery of algicidal compounds to harmful algae.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can lead to substantial socio-economic losses and extensive damage to aquatic ecosystems, drinking water sources and human health. Common algicidal techniques, including ozonation, ultrasonic treatment and dispersion of algae-killing chemicals, are unsatisfactory both economically and ecologically. This study therefore presents a novel alternative strategy for the efficient control of deleterious algae via the use of host-specific virus-like particles (VLPs) combined with chemically synthesized algicidal compounds.

Genome-based cryptic gene discovery and functional identification of NRPS siderophore peptide in Streptomyces peucetius.

Identification of secondary metabolites produced by cryptic gene in bacteria may be difficult, but in the case of nonribosomal peptide (NRP)-type secondary metabolites, this study can be facilitated by bioinformatic analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. To illustrate this concept, we used mass spectrometry-guided bioinformatic analysis of genomic sequences to identify an NRP-type secondary metabolite from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952. Five putative NRPS biosynthetic gene clusters were identified in the S.

Bacillus manliponensis sp. nov., a new member of the Bacillus cereus group isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment.

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, new Bacillus species, strain BL4-6(T), was isolated from tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea. Strain BL4-6(T) is a straight rod, with motility by peritrichate flagella. The cell wall contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7.

Characterization and structure identification of an antimicrobial peptide, hominicin, produced by Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9.

Hominicin, antimicrobial peptide displaying potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 11435 and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) CCARM 3501, was purified by chloroform extraction, ion-exchange column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC from culture supernatant of Staphylococcushominis MBBL 2-9.

Production of biosurfactant lipopeptides Iturin A, fengycin and surfactin A from Bacillus subtilis CMB32 for control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

A bacterial strain isolated from soil for its potential to control the anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified as a Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis CMB32 produced antifungal agents on M9 broth at 30degreesC. Biosurfactant lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis CMB32 were precipitated by adjusting to pH 2 and extracting using chloroform/methanol, and then were purified using column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC.

Cytotoxicity of amphotericin B-incorporated polymeric micelles composed of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/dextran graft copolymer.

In this study, we prepared amphotericin B (AmpB)-encapsulated polymeric micelle of poly(DL-lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer for the cytotoxicity test. The average particle size of AmpB-encapsulated DexLG polymeric micelles was around 30 approximately 70 nm and their morphology showed spherical shapes. Since aggregation states of AmpB are related to intrinsic cytotoxicity, prevention of AmpB aggregation in aqueous solution will provide low cytotoxicity and increased antimicrobial activity for the infectious disease.

Antitumor effect of adriamycin-encapsulated nanoparticles of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-grafted dextran.

In this study, we prepared adriamycin (ADR)-encapsulated core-shell type nanoparticles of a poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer and evaluated its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The particle size of ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles was around 50-200 nm and the morphology was spherical shapes at transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Since reconstitution of lyophilized nanoparticles is essential to practical use in vivo, ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles were lyophilized and reconstituted them into deionized water.

Amphotericin B-incorporated polymeric micelles composed of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/dextran graft copolymer.

In this study, we prepared amphotericin B (AmpB)-encapsulated polymeric micelle of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer and characterized its physicochemical properties in vitro. The average particle size of AmpB-encpasulated DexLG polymeric micelles was around 30-150nm while particle size of empty polymeric micelles was below 100nm according to the copolymer composition. The morphology of AmpB-encapsulated polymeric micelle of DexLG copolymer was spherical shapes at transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation.

Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract.

One strain of Lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against Clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. Isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at pH 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract.

Lipid membrane interaction and antimicrobial activity of GsMTx-4, an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channel.

GsMTx-4, a polypeptide from the spider Grammostola spatulata, is an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channels. It is known to interact with lipid membranes, suggesting it partitions into the membrane to alter the channel gating, but the effect of the membrane charge on GsMTx-4 activity remains unknown. In this study, we found that GsMTx-4 more effectively interacts with anionic lipids than zwitterionic ones.

Purification of a constitutive chitosanase produced by Bacillus sp. MET 1299 with cloning and expression of the gene.

A chitosanase produced constitutively by Bacillus sp. MET 1299 was purified by SP-Sephadex column chromatography. The molecular weight was estimated to be 52 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

Production of an antifungal protein for control of Colletotrichum lagenarium by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MET0908.

A plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum lagenarium, causing watermelon anthracnose, was isolated from naturally infected leaves, stems, and fruits of watermelon. A bacterial strain, MET0908, showing a potent antifungal activity against C. lagenarium, was isolated from soil.

Antinematodal activity and the mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide, HP (2-20), against Caenorhabditis elegans.

The peptide HP (2-20), derived from the N-terminal sequence of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1 (RPL1), has a nematicidal activity against eggs and worms of Caenorhabditis elegans. Eggs treated with HP (2-20) (69%) has a higher fluorescence intensity with propidium iodide staining, which was similar to that of melittin (82%) but higher than untreated cells (5.7%).

Influence on the plasma membrane of Candida albicans by HP (2-9)-magainin 2 (1-12) hybrid peptide.

A 20-residue hybrid peptide (HP (2-9)-MA (1-12): HP-MA), incorporating 2-9 residues of Helicobacter pyroli ribosomal protein L1 (HP) and 1-12 residues of magainin 2 (MA), has more potent antibacterial activity than parent peptide HP (2-20) and magainin 2. In this study, the antifungal activity and its mechanism of HP-MA were investigated. HP-MA displayed a strong antifungal activity in an energy-dependent manner.

HP (2-20) derived from the amino terminal region of helicobacterpylori ribosomal protein L1 exerts its antifungal effects by damaging the plasma membranes of Candida albicans.

The fungicidal effects of the peptide HP (2-20). derived from the N-terminal sequence of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1 (RPL1). have been investigated.

Antifungal mechanism of SMAP-29 (1-18) isolated from sheep myeloid mRNA against Trichosporon beigelii.

The antifungal activity and mechanism of SMAP-29 (1-18) (SMAP-29), a cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide deduced from N-terminal sequence of sheep myeloid mRNA, were investigated. SMAP-29 displayed a strong antifungal activity against various fungi. To understand the antifungal mechanism(s) of SMAP-29, we examined the interaction of SMAP-29 with the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon beigelii.

Antifungal mechanism of an antimicrobial peptide, HP (2--20), derived from N-terminus of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1 against Candida albicans.

The antifungal activity and mechanism of HP (2-20), a peptide derived from the N-terminus sequence of Helicobacter pylori Ribosomal Protein L1 were investigated. HP (2--20) displayed a strong antifungal activity against various fungi, and the antifungal activity was inhibited by Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions. In order to investigate the antifungal mechanism(s) of HP (2-20), fluorescence activated flow cytometry was performed.