The Bi-Functional Paxilline Enriched in Skin Secretion of Tree Frogs () Targets the KCNK18 and BK Channels.

The skin secretion of tree frogs contains a vast array of bioactive chemicals for repelling predators, but their structural and functional diversity is not fully understood. Paxilline (PAX), a compound synthesized by has been known as a specific antagonist of large conductance Ca-activated K Channels (BK). Here, we report the presence of PAX in the secretions of tree frogs () and that this compound has a novel function of inhibiting the potassium channel subfamily K member 18 (KCNK18) channels of their predators.

Arsenic (III) induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the gills of common carp, which is ameliorated by zinc (II).

Arsenic (As) is widely present in the environment in form of arsenite (As) and arsenate (As). Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to be the dominant mechanisms of As toxicity in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc (Zn) alleviates exogenous gill toxicity in carp induced by As and to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms.

Environmentally relevant concentration of sulfamethoxazole-induced oxidative stress-cascaded damages in the intestine of grass carp and the therapeutic application of exogenous lycopene.

Due to the unreasonable use and discharge of the aquaculture industry, over standard of the antibiotics has been frequent in different types of water environments, causing adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Lycopene (LYC) is an esculent carotenoid, which is considered to be a strong antioxidant. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic effect of LYC on antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)) induced intestinal injury in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella.

Arsenite induce neurotoxicity of common carp: Involvement of blood brain barrier, apoptosis and autophagy, and subsequently relieved by zinc (Ⅱ) supplementation.

Arsenic pollution is a common threat to aquatic ecosystems. The effects of chronic exposure to arsenite on the brains of aquatic organisms are unknown. This study was designed to evaluate arsenic-induced brain damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the ameliorating effects of divalent zinc ion (Zn) supplementation from the aspects of oxidative stress (OxS), tight junction (TJ), apoptosis and autophagy.

[Methane emission flux of Zhalong Phragmites australis wetlands in growth season].

Static chamber/gas chromatogram method was adopted to measure the methane emission flux of Zhalong Phragmites australis wetlands with different water levels in a growth season from May to October, 2009, aimed to understand the methane emission pattern in natural freshwater P. australis wetland in frigid region. During the observation period, the average methane emission flux of test wetlands ranged from -21.