Immune Response Profiling of Cocktails of Brugia malayi Vaccine Candidates DIM-1, Calponin and Troponin 1 in BALB/c Mice.

Purpose: In search of a vaccine for the control of human lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. timori, we identified three parasite-specific potential candidates: the disorganized muscle protein-1 (D), calponin (C) and troponin 1 (T) in B. malayi adult worm.

Immunoreactivity of Brugia malayi Calreticulin and Its Domains with Sera of Different Categories of Bancroftian Filarial Patients.

Purpose: We identified calreticulin in human filaria Brugia malayi (BmCRT) that shares 97% homology with Wuchereria bancrofti calreticulin (WbCRT), but only 56% with human calreticulin. We found that BmCRT binds C1q and prevents complement-mediated parasite death; immunization with BmCRT leads to parasite death in a rodent model of the infection. BmCRT could, therefore, be a potential vaccine candidate.

Strategies to Control Human Lymphatic Filarial Infection: Tweaking Host's Immune System.

Human lymphatic filariasis (LF), a parasitic infection caused by the nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. timori, and transmitted by mosquito, results in a debilitating disease commonly identified as 'elephantiasis'. LF affects millions of people in India and several other tropical and sub-tropical countries imposing a huge economic burden on governments due to disability associated loss of man-hours and for disease management.

Leishmania donovani molecules recognized by sera of filaria infected host facilitate filarial infection.

We earlier found that F6 fraction of human filaria Brugia malayi cross-reacted with sera of Leishmania donovani infected hamsters and immunization with F6 inhibited both filarial and leishmanial infections. In the present study, we identified a 52.9-93.

Antifilarial diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis leaves growing in high altitude areas of Uttarakhand, India.

Lymphatic filariasis continues to be a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. A macrofilaricidal agent capable of eliminating adult filarial parasites is urgently needed. Platyphyllenone (A), alusenone (B), hirustenone (C) and hirsutanonol (D) are important biologically active diarylheptanoids present in Alnus nepalensis.

Inflammatory mediator release by Brugia malayi from macrophages of susceptible host Mastomys coucha and THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cell lines.

Objective: To investigate which life stage of the parasite has the ability to stimulate release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators from macrophages.

Methods: The human macrophage/monocyte cell line THP-1, the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and naive peritoneal macrophages (PM) from the rodent host Mastomys coucha (M.

Plant products in the treatment and control of filariasis and other helminth infections and assay systems for antifilarial/anthelmintic activity.

Lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loaisis, and other helminth infections cause serious health problems especially in resource-limited tropical and subtropical developing countries of the world, and more than 2 billion people are infected with at least one helminth species. From times immemorial, man looked up to the plant kingdom in search of anthelmintics, antifilarials, and remedies for parasite-induced health problems. Although more than 50 % of drugs in modern medicine are derived from plants or leads from plants, a success story of plant-based anthelminthics or antifilarials is yet to be told.