Editing microbes to mitigate enteric methane emissions in livestock.

Livestock production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions particularly methane (CH) emissions thereby influencing climate change. To address this issue further, it is crucial to establish strategies that simultaneously increase ruminant productivity while minimizing GHG emissions, particularly from cattle, sheep, and goats. Recent advancements have revealed the potential for modulating the rumen microbial ecosystem through genetic selection to reduce methane (CH) production, and by microbial genome editing including CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases), ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases), RNA interference (RNAi), Pime editing, Base editing and double-stranded break-free (DSB-free).

Obstructive sleep apnea: Overlooked comorbidity in patients with diabetes.

In this review article, we explore the interplay between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlighting a significant yet often overlooked comorbidity. We delve into the pathophysiological links between OSA and diabetes, specifically how OSA exacerbates insulin resistance and disrupts glucose metabolism. The research examines the prevalence of OSA in diabetic patients and its role in worsening diabetes-related complications.

Effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation profiles and protozoan population .

Background And Aim: In the livestock sector, particularly ruminants, an approach to minimize methane emissions can be carried out through a feeding strategy involving herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can reduce protozoa and decrease methane gas emissions. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation, total gas, and methane production, dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and protozoa populations within the rumen.

Materials And Methods: Two experiments were conducted in this study.

Identification of phytase producing bacteria from acidifying : Potential for ruminant feed development.

Phytate content in feed ingredients can negatively impact digestibility and palatability. To address this issue, it is necessary to study microbes capable of breaking down phytate content. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phytase-producing bacteria from decaying materials rich in phytic acid.

Nutrient digestibility, characteristics of rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis from Pesisir cattle diet containing non-fiber carbohydrate to rumen degradable protein ratio and sulfur supplement.

Background And Aim: To achieve optimal feed efficiency in ruminants, especially Pesisir cattle, it is necessary to maintain a harmonious equilibrium between energy and protein levels within the rumen. Sulfur supplementation can potentially escalate the energy-protein balance in the rumen. The aim of this study was to explore the formulation of ruminant diets by synchronizing rumen degradable protein (RDP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) while adding sulfur minerals at different levels.

Unlocking gut microbiota potential of dairy cows in varied environmental conditions using shotgun metagenomic approach.

Food security and environmental pollution are major concerns for the expanding world population, where farm animals are the largest source of dietary proteins and are responsible for producing anthropogenic gases, including methane, especially by cows. We sampled the fecal microbiomes of cows from varying environmental regions of Pakistan to determine the better-performing microbiomes for higher yields and lower methane emissions by applying the shotgun metagenomic approach. We selected managed dairy farms in the Chakwal, Salt Range, and Patoki regions of Pakistan, and also incorporated animals from local farmers.

Recent advances in chromosome capture techniques unraveling 3D genome architecture in germ cells, health, and disease.

In eukaryotes, the genome does not emerge in a specific shape but rather as a hierarchial bundle within the nucleus. This multifaceted genome organization consists of multiresolution cellular structures, such as chromosome territories, compartments, and topologically associating domains, which are frequently defined by architecture, design proteins including CTCF and cohesin, and chromatin loops. This review briefly discusses the advances in understanding the basic rules of control, chromatin folding, and functional areas in early embryogenesis.

A new estimation method for COVID-19 time-varying reproduction number using active cases.

We propose a new method to estimate the time-varying effective (or instantaneous) reproduction number of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The method is based on a discrete-time stochastic augmented compartmental model that describes the virus transmission. A two-stage estimation method, which combines the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the reported state variables (active and removed cases) and a low pass filter based on a rational transfer function to remove short term fluctuations of the reported cases, is used with case uncertainties that are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution.

Fish Skin and Swim Bladder as Gelatin Sources for Hard Capsule Material.

In this paper, we report the extraction and characterization of gelatin from the abundant industrial fishery waste of skin and swim bladder and its application as the base material for hard capsule shells. The yield of gelatin ranged between 19 and 23%, content of moisture is 7.6-9.

Effects of rumen-degradable-to-undegradable protein ratio in ruminant diet on digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis.

Background And Aim: Feeding ruminants must notice the degradability of feed, especially protein. Microbial rumen requires ammonia from rumen degradable protein (RDP) beside that ruminant require bypass protein or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and microbial crude protein. The aim of the study was to discover the best RDP:RUP ratio in beef cattle diets commonly used by Indonesian farmers using an methodology.

Impact of the Miocene orogenesis on Kaloula spp. radiation and implication of local refugia on genetic diversification.

The phylogeography of the Kaloula genus in East Asia is still poorly understood. One of the difficulties is the absence of fossils to corroborate molecular dating estimates. Here, we examined the mitochondrial structure of Kaloula spp.

Meta-analysis of cardiac markers for predictive factors on severity and mortality of COVID-19.

Objectives: Previous observational studies have suggested that increased cardiac markers are commonly found in COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the relationship between several cardiac markers and the severity/mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Several cardiac markers were analysed in this meta-analysis.

Data-driven modeling and forecasting of COVID-19 outbreak for public policy making.

This paper presents a data-driven approach for COVID-19 modeling and forecasting, which can be used by public policy and decision makers to control the outbreak through Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI). First, we apply an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to a discrete-time stochastic augmented compartmental model to estimate the time-varying effective reproduction number (R). We use daily confirmed cases, active cases, recovered cases, deceased cases, Case-Fatality-Rate (CFR), and infectious time as inputs for the model.

Bioleaching of Indonesian Galena Concentrate With an Iron- and Sulfur-Oxidizing Mixotrophic Bacterium at Room Temperature.

Biohydrometallurgy is believed to be a promising future study field for the recovery of lead (Pb) from ores/concentrates since the pyrometallurgical/hydrometallurgical processes have been largely applied to recover Pb to date, which operates at high temperature and generates volatile Pb matters that are hazardous and carcinogenic to human health. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the biohydrometallurgical extraction of Pb from the Indonesian galena concentrate through bioleaching using an iron- and sulfur-oxidizing mixotrophic bacterium (identified as sp.).

evaluation of ruminant feed from West Sumatera based on chemical composition and content of rumen degradable and rumen undegradable proteins.

Aim: This research aimed to discover the chemical composition, as well as the content of the degradable and undegradable protein of the ruminant feed commonly used as cattle feed by Indonesian farmers.

Materials And Methods: In this study, , , , , cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, and rice bran were used as feed. Chemical composition was determined by proximate and Van Soest analyses performed in triplicate.

rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an rumen system.

Materials And Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass () and four species of tree legumes (, , , and ). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% + 50% (LL I); 50% + 50% (GS I); 50% + 50% (CC I); 50% + 50% (IZ I); 75% + 25% (LL II); 75% + 25% (GS II); 75% + 25% (CC II); and 75% + 25% (IZ II).

Snakes and ghosts in a parity-time-symmetric chain of dimers.

We consider linearly coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with gain and loss terms and with a cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The system models a parity-time (PT)-symmetric coupler composed by a chain of dimers. We study uniform states and site-centered and bond-centered spatially localized solutions and present that each solution has a symmetric and antisymmetric configuration between the arms.