[Features of detection and interpretation of intravital and postmortem changes according to the results of traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography of objects from historical graves and artefacts].

Objective: To study emergence mechanism, physical nature, pattern of intravital and postmortem changes of biological and non-biological objects originated in the period from 1550 to 1918 yr. using traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography.

Material And Methods: The relics of Saint Macarius the Roman of Novgorod, the remains of the First Reverend of the Resurrection Novodevichy Convent in Saint Petersburg Mother Superior Theophania, damages on the chair leg on which Tsesarevich Alexey sat during the shooting of Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his family and entourage in 1918 in Yekaterinburg were stidued.

[Models and sculptural casts in forensic medicine and medical criminology].

The study objective is to present facts from the history of casting art and biographical information about the casting artists S.P. Fiveysky and M.

[Adverse outcome in post-operative period (small-shot wound) from arrosive bleeding in forensic practice].

The aim of this work is to draw the attention of forensic experts to the need to use new methodological approaches in postmortem morphological diagnostics of the lifetime injuries and the duration of death rate in forensic medical practice. A case of a fatal outcome from a small-shot gun wound complicated by arrosive bleeding in the postoperative period is considered. The missed opportunity to effectively use new methodological approaches in solving issues related to the completeness and timeliness of medical care is shown.

[The peculiar features of the morphological manifestations of the damage to the liver associated with the death cap mushroom poisoning].

This article is focused on the peculiar features of the morphological manifestations of massive hepatic necrosis associated with the death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides) poisoning in comparison with similar cases of intoxication. It has been shown that the poisoning is associated with cell proliferation in the peri-portal regions of the liver and induction of the mechanisms of apoptosis responsible for the death of hepatocytes.

[Forensic medical diagnostics of intra-vitality of the strangulation mark by morphological methods].

The objective of the present study WaS to overview the current domestic and foreign literature concerning the up-to-date methods employed for the expert evaluation of intra-vitality of the strangulation mark. The secondary objective was to propose the new approaches for addressing this problem. The methods of expert diagnostics with a view to determining the time of infliction of injuries as exemplified by mechanical asphyxia are discussed.

[Postmortem forensic medical diagnostics of fulminant sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacterium (Capnocitophaga canimorsus) following a dog bite].

This article provides the example of postmortem forensic medical diagnostics of fulminant sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacterium (Capnocitophaga canimorsus) following a dog bite. In order to identify the etiological factor of fulminant sepsis, the expert carried out the study of the autopsy materials with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method has only recently been introduced into postmortem diagnostics of fulminant sepsis in this country; it has no analogs abroad and can be employed for the purpose of forensic medical expertise and pathological anatomic studies.

[The procedure for documentation of digital images in forensic medical histology].

This paper is devoted to the novel computer technologies employed in the studies of histological preparations. These technologies allow to visualize digital images, structurize the data obtained and store the results in computer memory. The authors emphasize the necessity to properly document digital images obtained during forensic-histological studies and propose the procedure for the formulation of electronic documents in conformity with the relevant technical and legal requirements.

[Characteristics of morphological manifestations of anaphylactic shock in response to the administration of pharmaceutical preparations encountered in the practice of forensic medical expert-histologist].

The authors report the results of a forensic medical investigation of 6 cases of death associated with the administration of pharmaceutical products documented by forensic medical experts of the Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise. The results of the study are compared with the clinical data and summarized using the methods of tanatogenetic analysis. The following main clinical variants of iatrogenic anaphylactic shock (IAS) are distinguished: bronchospastic IAS (n = 1), asphyxic IAS (n = 1), hemodynamic IAS (n = 3), and combined (bronchospastic plus hemodynamic) IAS (n = 1).

[Obturation, aspiration, and inhalation in case of mechanical asphyxia].

This paper aims at updating terminology employed for the characteristic of selected forms of mechanical asphyxia. The medical terms "obturation", "aspiration", and "inhalation" are not infrequently used by forensic medical experts and pathological anatomists engaged in diagnostics of mechanical asphyxia, elucidation of the mechanism of the accompanying injury and causes underlying its fatal outcome. It is argued that the use of these terms for the purpose is sometimes either unjustified or incorrect or both.

[Assessment of harm to the health in proximal hip fractures].

The analysis of expert certification on isolated hip fractures has shown that some experts make errors of underestimation of harm to the health basing on the criterion "duration of health impairment". How to prevent such errors and to improve quality of forensic medical certification is proposed. Such measures will raise social value of medical forensic expertise.

[Characteristics of formation of endogenous intoxication syndrome in patients with non-viral chronic hepatitis].

The complex evaluation of the intensity of lipid peroxidation, endogenous intoxication syndrome, blood microcirculation disorder and surfactant activity of blood serum has been performed in patients with hepatitis of non-viral etiology. The article presents the peculiarities of changes of blood medium-molecular peptides, average corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, albumin/gamma-globulin coefficient in patients with chronic hepatitis of non-viral etiology with different activity degree. These indices were proposed to evaluate endogenous intoxication syndrome.

[Characteristics of hemorheological processes in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis combined with ischemic heart disease].

The study of 37 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis combined with coronary heart disease during exacerbation of these diseases has revealed blood microcirculation disorders of its vascular, intra- and extravascular parts. It's also showed an increase in specific quantity of blood serum medium- and high-molecular surface-active substances, in mean corpuscular volume and sorptive activity of erythrocytes, nitrite/nitrate contents, and medium-molecular peptides. It has been revealed at the same time cytogenetic derangements of lymphocytes, low monocyte phagocytic activity.

[Serum surfactant activity in patients with chronic cryptogenic hepatitis].

The paper represents results of use of dynamic interphase tensiometry of the blood serum in patients with chronic cryptogenic hepatitis. Studied in a comparative aspect in patients with varying degree of severity of the course of chronic cryptogenic hepatitis were features of indices for the blood serum dynamic surface tension and relations between them. The above technique is an important investigational tool to evaluate the course of chronic cryptogenic hepatitis.