Sex and gender considerations in Alzheimer's disease: The Women's Brain Project contribution.

The global population is expected to have about 131.5 million people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias by 2050, posing a severe health crisis. Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that gradually impairs physical and cognitive functions.

Towards AI-driven longevity research: An overview.

While in the past technology has mostly been utilized to store information about the structural configuration of proteins and molecules for research and medical purposes, Artificial Intelligence is nowadays able to learn from the existing data how to predict and model properties and interactions, revealing important knowledge about complex biological processes, such as aging. Modern technologies, moreover, can rely on a broader set of information, including those derived from the next-generation sequencing (e.g.

"Intestinal-type" mucinous adenocarcinoma of the vulva: a report of two cases.

Background: "Intestinal-type" mucinous carcinoma of the vulva is extremely rare with very few cases reported in the literature.

Case Report: The authors report two patients who had diagnosis of intestinal-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the vulva after excisional biopsy. In both cases, restaging was perfomed with total body computed tomography (CT) scan, gastroscopy, and colonoscopy that showed no other site of disease.

Mitochondrial DNA content and mass increase in progression from normal to hyperplastic to cancer endometrium.

Background: An increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial biogenesis associated with the activation of PGC-1α signalling pathway was previously reported in type I endometrial cancer. The aim of this study has been to evaluate if mtDNA content and the citrate synthase (CS) activity, an enzyme marker of mitochondrial mass, increase in progression from control endometrium to hyperplasia to type I endometrial carcinoma.

Results: Given that no statistically significant change in mtDNA content and CS activity in endometrium taken from different phases of the menstrual cycle or in menopause was found, these samples were used as control.

Prognostic factors and outcomes in 28 cases of uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Objectives: It was the aim of this study to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with uterine LMS were evaluated in this retrospective study. Their features and survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests.

Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: analysis of 13 cases and review of the literature.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with patients affected by ovarian carcinosarcoma.

Patients And Methods: During a 16-year period, data on 13 patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma were collected. They were obtained from hospital charts and follow-up visits.

Long-term topotecan therapy in recurrent or persistent ovarian cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety and clinical outcome of long-term therapy with topotecan (Hycamtin) in recurrent or persistent ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients treated with topotecan (TPT) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Italy between 1999 and 2007. Pertinent clinicopathologic information, response and toxicity following treatment with TPT were collected.

Groin recurrence in carcinoma of the vulva: management and outcome.

The aim of the study was to investigate the management and outcome of inguinal recurrence in vulvar carcinoma patients. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 140 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated between 1994 and 2006. Twenty-one patients were found to have groin recurrence.

Spleen involvement in women with ovarian cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of spleen metastases in ovarian cancer. A retrospective chart review was conducted and ten patients with spleen metastases were evaluated. Eight were Stage III, one Stage I and one Stage IV.

Is there a role for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early invasive cervical carcinoma?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if a survival advantage may exist from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical surgery in early invasive (Stage IB1 and IIA) cervical carcinoma.

Methods: Using information from studies published on the topic of NACT in cervical carcinoma along with baseline control rates of standard treatment and patterns of failure, an estimate of how many patients with early invasive cervical cancer would benefit from this procedure was calculated.

Results: NACT followed by tailored radical surgery could result in a significant decrease (about 40%) in recurrence rate (13 vs 22%) and ultimately in survival compared to conventional treatment in early invasive cervical cancer.

Locally advanced cervical cancer associated with complete uterine prolapse.

Although uterine prolapse and carcinoma of the uterine cervix are not rare event, their association is very uncommon. An 86-year-old patient gravida 8, para 5 was admitted for vaginal bleeding from a uterine prolapse of 20 years of duration. On physical examination, a complete third-degree prolapsed uterus with an ulcerated lesion of 12 cm in maximum diameter involving both the anterior and posterior lips of the cervix was observed.

Conservative management of uterine leiomyosarcoma: report of a failure.

Background: Conservative management of uterine leiomyosarcoma has rarely been reported in the literature.

Case Report: A 26-year-old woman was diagnosed with uterine leiomyosarcoma after resection of a 11 cm uterine mass. Conservative management was proposed, demolitive surgery was not performed and the patient received four courses of chemotherapy.

A randomized study comparing triptorelin or expectant management following conservative laparoscopic surgery for symptomatic stage III-IV endometriosis.

Objective: To investigate the role of adjuvant treatment with gonadotropin-releasing-hormone agonist (GnRHa) following conservative surgical treatment of endometriosis.

Study Design: Sixty patients in the reproductive age (mean age 28.6 years), with symptomatic stages III and IV endometriosis following laparoscopic surgery and without previous hormonal treatment were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to compare the effects of 3-month treatment with triptorelin depot-3.

Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions of low-grade in HIV-infected women: recurrence, persistence, and progression, in treated and untreated women.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are more predisposed than HIV-negative women to develop squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) of the uterine cervix, and cervical dysplasia may be of higher grade in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative subjects, with more extensive and multi-centric involvement of the lower genital tract by human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions. Moreover, recurrence and progression rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is particularly higher in immunocompromised women.

Design: Retrospective case-control study of HIV-positive women and HIV-negative controls, all affected by low-grade SIL of the uterine cervix, treated by loop excision or followed-up without treatment.

Concomitant abdominal and intrauterine pregnancy after in vitro fertilization in a woman with bilateral salpingectomy. A case report.

Background: Abdominal pregnancy is a rare event, and the concomitant presence of an intrauterine pregnancy is very exceptional.

Case: A case of concomitant abdominal and intrauterine pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) occurred in a woman with bilateral salpingectomy. The abdominal pregnancy was successfully treated surgically, with preservation of the intrauterine pregnancy.

The effect of a soy rich diet on the vaginal epithelium in postmenopause: a randomized double blind trial.

Background: A traditional asiatic phytoestrogen-rich diet is associated with a lower incidence of estrogen-dependent cancers and clinical consequences of postmenopausal estrogen deficiency. First Wilcox in 1990, showed an increase of the vaginal cell maturation with phytoestrogens on postmenopausal women, but this has not been confirmed in some subsequent studies.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed the effects of a 6-month soy-rich diet on the vaginal epithelium of asymptomatic postmenopausal women in a randomized clinical trial.

Successful treatment of cervical and simultaneous cervico-isthmic pregnancy with methotrexate.

Objective: To describe the monitoring of a case of cervical and simultaneous cervico-isthmic pregnancy.

Setting: University of Bari (Italy), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Patient: A 30-year-old white woman, nulliparous, at 8 weeks of amenorrhoea.

Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary: report of four cases.

Introduction: Malignant mixed mullerian tumor (MMMT) of the ovary is an extremely rare gynaecologic neoplasm that represents 1% of the malignances of this organ. Stage I disease is rare because it is asymptomatic in early stage. We describe four cases.

Serum progesterone, estradiol-17beta and testosterone at the time of relapse in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Raised levels of steroid hormones may be detected in women with ovarian cancer at the time of diagnosis. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of progesterone, testosterone and estradiol-17beta in patients with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer. We studied 52 patients with a histologic diagnosis of ovarian cancer; 46 of 52 patients were affected by epithelial tumors, two patients had sexcord-stromal tumors, one patient had a germ cell tumor and three patients had a metastatic cancer from the bowel.

Primary peritoneal carcinoma: a report of twelve cases and a review of the literature.

Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is rare tumor histologically identical to epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC); it is differentiated from EOC based on the extent of gross ovarian involvement and microscopic invasion of the cortex. We report 12 cases of PPC which were diagnosed in our Department during a 9-year period. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy were performed in 9 patients, while 3 underwent only explorative laparotomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

Spontaneous and induced release of prostaglandins, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by placental tissue from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.

Problem: The objective of this study was to clarify the role of the main proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and how these cytokines affect one another and the production of prostaglandins (PGs).

Method Of Study: The concentrations of cytokines and PGs in supernatants of placental tissue from preeclamptic and normal women were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The concentrations of the PGs from unstimulated preeclamptic placental tissue were significantly higher compared to the concentrations of PGs from normal unstimulated placental tissue.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study.

Background: This study is a clinicopathologic evaluation of five patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma.

Patients And Methods: Over a period of 9 years 5 cases of ESS were observed in our Unit. The patients were retrospectively staged according to the FIGO staging system for endometrial cancer.

Exocervical pregnancy.

A case of cervical pregnancy with implantation of the fertilized ovum on the exocervix is described. This pregnancy was mistaken for an endometriotic lesion and treated by simple surgical excision. Discussion is centered on etiology, predisposing factors and management.

[Abdominal pregnancy. An ever present challenge].

A case of abdominal pregnancy resulting from the rupture of the atresic horn of a bicornuate uterus and asymptomatic till the 23rd week of amenorrhea is reported. The peculiarities of this case lie in the advanced gestational age and in the association between two pathologies undoubtedly unusual as cornual and abdominal pregnancy. Discussion is focused on the limits of classical obstetrical semeiology, the possibilities of the instrumental examinations, the criteria that should guide decision-making and on the correct surgical management of this uncommon even if potentially life-threatening clinical pathology.