Metabolic reprogramming of naïve regulatory T cells by IL-7 and IL-15 promotes their persistence and performance upon adoptive transfer.

Tregs for adoptive therapy are traditionally expanded ex vivo using high doses of IL-2. However, the final Treg product has limited survival once infused in patients, potentially affecting therapeutic effectiveness. Here, we tested a novel expansion protocol in which highly purified naïve Tregs were expanded with a combination of IL-7 and IL-15, in the absence of IL-2.

A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Plans for Marginal Enamel Fractures in Anterior Teeth.

Marginal enamel fractures (MEF) are a common clinical concern in dentistry, particularly in anterior teeth. These fractures occur at the enamel margins and their etiopathogenesis involves a complex interplay of mechanical, chemical, and biological factors. The ongoing research focuses on an overview of MEF to improve the knowledge about this condition.

Application of Bulk-Fill Composite to Simplify the Cementation of Indirect Restorations: The COMBO Technique.

This article proposes a technique to simplify the cementation of indirect restorations by exploiting the advantageous properties of bulk-fill composites (BFCs). The proposed technique consists of using a thin layer of a high-viscosity (HV) BFC in the interproximal margins of the preparation and applying low-viscosity (LV) resin luting agents (RLAs) to the rest of the prepared surface. The application of the HV BFC limits the extrusion of the LV RLAs in the interproximal area, deviating the excesses of LV RLAs only on the vestibular and lingual side.

Precision layering techniques: Integrating digital tools for accurate color matching and realistic try-ins in anterior composite restorations.

Objective: This article aims to demonstrate the clinical application of a comprehensive workflow that integrates digital tools for accurate color matching, and its immediate implementation in the restoration of anterior teeth.

Clinical Considerations: Two patients demonstrating dissatisfaction regarding a maxillary central incisor had an old restoration replaced resorting to a digital workflow to enhance the predictability of the new direct restoration. OptiShade allowed the precise assessment of tooth color and the CompoShade application provided precise color and material selection, as well as the determination of a layering strategy.

Integrating metabolic profiling of pancreatic juice with transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic cancer tissue identifies distinct clinical subgroups.

Introduction: Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A pancreatic juice (PJ) metabolic signature has been reported to be prognostic of oncological outcome for PDAC. Integration of PJ profiling with transcriptomic and spatial characterization of the tumor microenvironment would help in identifying PDACs with peculiar vulnerabilities.

A Modern Multidisciplinary Method to Characterize Natural White Spot Lesions with 2D and 3D Assessments: A Preliminary Study.

In this preliminary study, a multidisciplinary method based on high-resolution analytical techniques (such as microcomputed tomography, Raman Microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Vickers microhardness test) was exploited to evaluate the alterations that occur in human teeth at the initial stage of the carious lesion. To this purpose, six extracted molars displaying a natural white spot lesion (WSL) were investigated. Specific morphological, structural, and chemical parameters, such as the mineral density, indentation hardness, molecular and elemental composition, and surface micromorphology were obtained on the WSL, and the results were statistically compared (-test, < 0.

On color adjustment potential and color blending threshold of dental composite resins.

Objective: Color Adjustment Potential evaluates the color blending of dental Composite Resins. While Color Adjustment Potential is simple, its clinical relevance is unclear. This research aims to understand it better and to create an index for Composite Resins with meaningful clinical interpretation.

Integrating AI-Powered Digital Pathology and Imaging Mass Cytometry Identifies Key Classifiers of Tumor Cells, Stroma, and Immune Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Unlabelled: Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered approaches are becoming increasingly used as histopathologic tools to extract subvisual features and improve diagnostic workflows. On the other hand, hi-plex approaches are widely adopted to analyze the immune ecosystem in tumor specimens. Here, we aimed at combining AI-aided histopathology and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to analyze the ecosystem of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Use of over-the-counter mouthwashes as an additional measure in individual oral prophylaxis on adults with plaque-induced gingivitis: a double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Plaque-induced gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by complete reversibility of tissue damage once the periodontal biofilm has been disorganised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercially available mouthwashes (MWs) versus a chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% MW in reducing gingival bleeding (GB) in adults with plaque-induced gingivitis.

Multidisciplinary evaluation of the remineralization potential of three fluoride-based toothpastes on natural white spot lesions.

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed assessing the remineralization potential of three commercial fluoride-based toothpastes in permanent teeth with natural white spot lesions (WSLs). A multidisciplinary approach based on Raman microspectroscopy (RMS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) was exploited.

Methods: N = 12 human molars with natural WSLs in the proximal-vestibular zone were selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 3) according to the different treatments: HAF (hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions); SMF (sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine); SF (sodium fluoride with enzymes), and CTRL (untreated group).

A machine learning-based classification of adult-onset diabetes identifies patients at risk of liver-related complications.

Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for fatty liver disease development and progression. A novel machine learning method identified five clusters of patients with diabetes, with different characteristics and risk of diabetic complications using six clinical and biological variables. We evaluated whether this new classification could identify individuals with an increased risk of liver-related complications.

Assessment of the Remineralizing Potential of Biomimetic Materials on Early Artificial Caries Lesions after 28 Days: An In Vitro Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the loss of mineral content in the enamel surface in early artificial lesions and to assess the remineralizing potential of different agents by means of SEM coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The analysis was performed on the enamel of 36 molars divided into six equal groups, in which the experimental ones (3-6) were treated using remineralizing agents for a 28-day pH cycling protocol as follows: Group 1, sound enamel; Group 2, artificially demineralized enamel; Group 3, CPP-ACP treatment; Group 4, Zn-hydroxyapatite treatment; Group 5, NaF 5% treatment; and Group 6, F-ACP treatment. Surface morphologies and alterations in Ca/P ratio were evaluated using SEM-EDX and data underwent statistical analysis ( < 0.

Antibody response in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 (MIS-C) compared to children with uncomplicated COVID-19.

Objectives: To comprehensively analyze the quality of the antibody response between children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and age-matched controls at one month after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and infected in the same time-period.

Methods: Serum from 20 MIS-C children at admission, and 14 control children were analyzed. Antigen specific antibody isotypes and subclasses directed against various antigens of SARS-CoV-2 as well as against human common coronavirus (HCoVs) and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms were assessed by a bead-based multiplexed serological assay and by ELISA.

High-Resolution Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes Reveals GPNMB as a Prognostic Marker in Human Colorectal Liver Metastasis.

Patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) present with heterogenous clinical outcomes and improved classification is needed to ameliorate the therapeutic output. Macrophages (Mϕ) hold promise as prognostic classifiers and therapeutic targets. Here, stemming from a single-cell analysis of mononuclear phagocytes infiltrating human CLM, we identified two Mϕ markers associated with distinct populations with opposite clinical relevance.

Advances in diastema closure and tooth shape change using direct composite restorations: the Front Wing Technique.

Closing a diastema with a direct composite restoration still represents a real challenge for clinicians, mainly due to the need to create a correct contact point and emergence profile at the cervical level. The present article describes a novel anterior direct composite restoration technique for closing diastemata and changing tooth shape. The proposed technique, called the Front Wing Technique (FWT), does away with the use of the traditional wax-up and silicone index-based procedures.

Micro-computed tomography for assessing the internal and external voids of bulk-fill composite restorations: A technical report.

Purpose: This technical report aims to describe and detail the use of micro-computed tomography for a reliable evaluation of the bulk-fill composite/tooth interface.

Materials And Methods: Bulk-fill composite restorations in tooth cavities were scanned using micro-computed tomography to obtain qualitatively and quantitatively valuable information. Two-dimensional information was processed using specific algorithms, and ultimately a 3-dimensional (3D) specimen reconstruction was generated.

Remineralization Efficacy of Four Remineralizing Agents on Artificial Enamel Lesions: SEM-EDS Investigation.

Dental remineralization represents the process of depositing calcium and phosphate ions into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, producing net mineral gain and preventing early enamel lesions progression. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the remineralizing effectiveness of four commercially available agents on enamel artificial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Thirty-six extracted third molars were collected and randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6), five of which were suspended in demineralizing solution for 72 h to create enamel artificial lesions, and one serving as control: G1, treated with a mousse of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium−phosphate (CPP-ACP); G2, treated with a gel containing nano-hydroxyapatite; G3, treated with a 5% SF varnish; G4, treated with a toothpaste containing ACP functionalized with fluoride and carbonate-coated with citrate; G5, not-treated artificial enamel lesions; G6, not demineralized and not treated sound enamel.

A CLEIA Antigen Assay in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Subjects.

This study includes 259 consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs which tested positive for a molecular SARS-CoV-2 test and 77 subjects who were followed longitudinally, with nasopharyngeal swabs performed weekly until clinical recovery and a negative result for the molecular test were reached. All swabs were also tested with a Lumipulse SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) antigen assay. The antigen test was positive in 169 (65.

Hydrogen Peroxide Release Kinetics of Four Tooth Whitening Products-In Vitro Study.

Tooth whitening efficacy can be influenced by several factors, of which concentration and application time are two of the most important. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the initial content and release kinetics of the hydrogen peroxide (HP) content, or the carbamide peroxide (CP) content as converted to its HP equivalent, of four tooth whitening products with different concentrations (6% HP, 16% CP, 10% CP, and 5% CP). Titrations with Cerium Sulphate IV were performed to determine HP concentration.

Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: COVID-19 disease first appeared in 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, causing a global pandemic. The oral cavity represents a target of SARS-CoV-2, and oral lesions are observed in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients. This systematic review aims to investigate the frequency of oral manifestations in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

Comparison of three different bulk-filling techniques for restoring class II cavities: μCT, SEM-EDS combined analyses for margins and internal fit assessments.

Objective: Evaluation of the behavior of three different bulk-filling techniques in terms of internal adaptation and external marginal sealing for restoring class II cavities.

Methods: Fifteen extracted sound molar teeth were used. Two standardized class II mesio/disto-occlusal (MO/DO) slot cavities, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide and 3 mm deep were prepared in each tooth, obtaining n=30 cavity preparations.

Integrated longitudinal immunophenotypic, transcriptional and repertoire analyses delineate immune responses in COVID-19 patients.

To understand how a protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 develops over time, we integrated phenotypic, transcriptional and repertoire analyses on PBMCs from mild and severe COVID-19 patients during and after infection, and compared them to healthy donors (HD). A type I IFN-response signature marked all the immune populations from severe patients during the infection. Humoral immunity was dominated by IgG production primarily against the RBD and N proteins, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing post infection and with disease severity.