Comparative effectiveness of nitro dihydrocapsaicin, new synthetic derivative capsaicinoid, and capsaicin in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated corneal epithelial cells.

Loss of tear homeostasis, characterized by hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface, induces cell damage through inflammation and oxidation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a sensor for osmotic changes, plays a crucial role as a calcium ion channel in the pathogenesis of hypertonic-related eye diseases. Capsaicin (CAP), a potent phytochemical, alleviates inflammation during oxidative stress events by activating TRPV1.

Structure-Activity Relationship and Molecular Docking of Quinazolinones Inhibiting Expression of COX-2, IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α through NF-κB Pathways.

The quinazolinone scaffold is found in natural products and biologically active compounds, including inflammatory inhibitors. Major proteins or enzymes involved in the inflammation process are regulated by the amount of gene expression. Quinazolinone derivatives were investigated and developed against the inflammatory genes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

Nitro Dihydrocapsaicin, a Non-Pungent Capsaicin Analogue, Inhibits Cellular Senescence of Lens Epithelial Cells via Upregulation of SIRT1.

Diabetic cataracts are a common complication that can cause blindness among patients with diabetes mellitus. A novel nitro dihydrocapsaicin (NDHC), a capsaicin analog, was constructed to have a non-pungency effect. The objective of this research was to study the effect of NDHC on human lens epithelial (HLE) cells that lost function from hyperglycemia.

Hemocompatibility Evaluation of Thai Silk Fibroin and Its Improvement with Low Molecular Weight Heparin Immobilization.

silk fibroin (SF), from Nangnoi Srisaket 1 Thai strain, has shown potential for various biomedical applications such as wound dressing, a vascular patch, bone substitutes, and controlled release systems. The hemocompatibility of this SF is one of the important characteristics that have impacts on such applications. In this study, the hemocompatibility of Thai SF was investigated and its improvement by low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) immobilization was demonstrated.

Essential function of adaptor protein Nck1 in platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling in human lens epithelial cells.

Binding of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to its cognate receptor (PDGFR) promotes lens epithelial cell (LEC) proliferation and migration. After cataract surgery, these LEC behaviors have been proposed as an influential cause of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Stimulated PDFGR undergoes dimerization and tyrosine phosphorylation providing docking sites for a SH2-domain-containing noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck).

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein: Roles in Signal Transduction in T Cells.

Signal transduction regulates the proper function of T cells in an immune response. Upon binding to its specific ligand associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on an antigen presenting cell, the T cell receptor (TCR) initiates intracellular signaling that leads to extensive actin polymerization. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is one of the actin nucleation factors that is recruited to TCR microclusters, where it is activated and regulates actin network formation.

Cooperative Interaction of Nck and Lck Orchestrates Optimal TCR Signaling.

The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is expressed on T cells, which orchestrate adaptive immune responses. It is composed of the ligand-binding clonotypic TCRαβ heterodimer and the non-covalently bound invariant signal-transducing CD3 complex. Among the CD3 subunits, the CD3ε cytoplasmic tail contains binding motifs for the Src family kinase, Lck, and the adaptor protein, Nck.

Actin polymerization regulates recruitment of Nck to CD3ε upon T-cell receptor triggering.

Following T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton supports intracellular signal transduction and T-cell activation. The non-catalytic region of the tyrosine kinase (Nck) molecule is an adapter protein implicated in TCR-induced actin polymerization. Further, Nck is recruited to the CD3ε subunit of the TCR upon TCR triggering.

Nck Binds to the T Cell Antigen Receptor Using Its SH3.1 and SH2 Domains in a Cooperative Manner, Promoting TCR Functioning.

Ligand binding to the TCR causes a conformational change at the CD3 subunits to expose the CD3ε cytoplasmic proline-rich sequence (PRS). It was suggested that the PRS is important for TCR signaling and T cell activation. It has been shown that the purified, recombinant SH3.

Evidence for inducible recruitment of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein to T cell receptor-CD3 complex in Jurkat T cells.

Background: The engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex induces the formation of multiple signalling complexes, which are required for actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a key regulator of actin polymerization that is recruited to the TCR activation site. Since WASp is a binding partner of adaptor protein Nck, which is recruited directly to the TCR CD3? subunit upon TCR ligation, therefore we proposed that the direct recruitment of Nck to TCR-CD3 may also bring WASp directly to TCR-CD3.

Non-overlapping functions of Nck1 and Nck2 adaptor proteins in T cell activation.

Background: Signalling by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in the activation of T lymphocytes. Nck1 and Nck2 are two highly related adaptor proteins downstream of the TCR that each contains three SH3 and one SH2 domains. Their individual functions and the roles of their SH3 domains in human T cells remain mostly unknown.