Curcumin alleviates arsenic trioxide-induced neural damage in the murine striatal region.

Rationale: Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity, with dose-dependent effects, is well-documented in rodents. Curcumin (CUR), a cost-effective plant polyphenol, shows neuroprotective effects by modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neurochemistry. This study evaluates curcumin's neuroprotective potential against arsenic trioxide (AsO) in the mouse striatal region.

Resveratrol attenuates arsenic-induced cognitive deficits via modulation of Estrogen-NMDAR-BDNF signalling pathway in female mouse hippocampus.

Background: Chronic inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure induces deleterious effects on CNS including oxidative stress, cognitive deficits and altered brain neurochemistry. Little is known about the association between iAs and estrogen receptor expression in brain regions.

Aims And Objectives: Owing to the neuroprotective and estrogenic activities of resveratrol (RES), we examined the combined effects of arsenic trioxide (AsO) and RES on neurobehavioural functions, estrogen signalling and associated neurochemical changes in mouse hippocampus.

Curcumin supplementation shows modulatory influence on functional and morphological features of hippocampus in mice subjected to arsenic trioxide exposure.

Since, oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced toxicity, the present study focused on the role of antioxidant (curcumin) supplementation on behavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations with context to mice hippocampus (CA1) following arsenic trioxide (AsO) administration. Healthy male Swiss albino mice were divided into control and experimental groups. AsO (2 mg/kg bw) alone or along with curcumin (100 mg/kg bw) was administered to experimental groups by oral route for 45 days whereas the control groups received either no treatment or vehicle for curcumin.

Effect of α-lipoic acid on spatial memory and structural integrity of developing hippocampal neurons in rats subjected to sodium arsenite exposure.

Background: Exposure to arsenic has been reported to affect the nervous system in a number of ways. Various epidemiological studies suggest cognitive impairment in subjects following exposure to environmental arsenic. The goal of the present study was to determine if supplementation of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) could ameliorate sodium arsenite (NaAsO) induced adverse effects on learning and memory and synaptic connectivity in rat hippocampus.

Ameliorative role of antioxidant supplementation on sodium-arsenite induced adverse effects on the developing rat cerebellum.

Background: Arsenic is an environmental contaminant of global concern. Consumption of ground water contaminated with inorganic arsenic (iAs) continues to be the major source of its exposure. The developing nervous system is especially vulnerable to environmental insults due to its higher rate of oxygen consumption and provision of weaker antioxidant (AOX) machinery.

Antioxidant supplementation upregulates calbindin expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells of rat pups subjected to post natal exposure to sodium arsenite.

Optimal cytoplasmic calcium (Ca) levels have been associated with adequate cell functioning and neuronal survival. Altered intracellular Ca levels following impaired Ca homeostasis could induce neuronal degeneration or even cell death. There are reports of arsenite induced oxidative stress and the associated disturbances in intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) modulates expression of apoptosis associated proteins in hippocampus of rats exposed during postnatal period to sodium arsenite (NaAsO).

The present study focused on the role of exogenous alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in amelioration of inorganic arsenic () induced effects on apoptosis and apoptosis associated proteins in developing rat hippocampus. NaAsO (1.5/2.

Hepatic flexure in right sub diaphragmatic space and its embryological basis and clinical importance.

The knowledge of variations in the large intestine and liver is of clinical importance from the anatomical and embryological points of view. Different positions of the hepatic flexure of large intestine, although generally asymptomatic, may have different impact on manifestations of disease. During routine cadaveric study of the abdominal region we observed a case where the hepatic flexure was interposed between the right dome of the diaphragm and the anterior surface of the liver.

Surgical importance of arterial segments of human kidneys: an angiography and corrosion cast study.

Objective: Variations in the arterial supply of human kidney have been observed frequently, either in routine dissections or surgical practice. The main objective of the present study was to describe the arterial segmental pattern of human kidneys and its variation by angiography and corrosion cast techniques.

Materials And Methods: Forty kidneys were washed and a plastic cannula was inserted into renal artery and the omnipaque dye was injected into it and X-ray was taken.

Preliminary morphological and immunohistochemical changes in rat hippocampus following postnatal exposure to sodium arsenite.

The effects of arsenic exposure during rapid brain growth period (RBGP) (postnatal period 4-11) on pyramidal neurons of cornu ammonis (specifically CA1 and CA3 regions) and granule cells of dentate gyrus (DG) of rat hippocampus were studied. Wistar rat pups, subdivided into the control (group I) and the experimental groups (group II, III, and IV), received distilled water and sodium arsenite (aqueous solution of 1.0, 1.

Preliminary morphological and biochemical changes in rat liver following postnatal exposure to sodium arsenite.

The effects of sodium arsenite exposure on the hepatic maturation period of cellular and functional reorganization in developing rat livers were evaluated. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of sodium arsenite (1.5 mg/kg body weight) or distilled water on days 9 to 28 after birth.

Postnatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite (NaAsO(2)) Induces Long Lasting Effects in Rat Testes.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of early postnatal exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) on rat testis.

Materials And Methods: Wistar rat pups were administered aqueous solution of NaAsO(2,) 1.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) (experimental) and distilled water (control), respectively, by intraperitoneal route (i.

Protective role of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) on hippocampal antioxidant status and memory function in rat pups exposed to sodium arsenite during the early post-natal period.

The present work focussed on the effect of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) administration on retention memory and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus subsequent to early post-natal exposure of rat pups to sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)). Wistar rat pups were divided into the control groups receiving either no treatment (Ia) or distilled water by intraperitoneal route (i.p.

Preliminary morphological and morphometric study of rat cerebellum following sodium arsenite exposure during rapid brain growth (RBG) period.

The effects of arsenic exposure during rapid brain growth (RBG) period were studied in rat brains with emphasis on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The RBG period in rats extends from postnatal day 4 (PND 4) to postnatal day 10 (PND 10) and is reported to be highly vulnerable to environmental insults. Mother reared Wistar rat pups were administered intraperitoneal injections (i.

Main and accessory renal arteries--a morphological study.

The present work was undertaken to document the incidence of accessory renal arteries in kidney specimens obtained from subjects of Indian origin. Comprehensive dissection carried out in the dissection hall of Anatomy Department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (India) on forty cadavers over a period of five years revealed a single main renal artery on either side in 80% of the specimens. The mean length of the main renal artery was 31.

An additional renal vein.

A routine cadaveric dissection in an adult male revealed the emergence of two renal veins at the hilum of the right kidney that presented two separate openings in the inferior vena cava (IVC), one above the other. At the hilum the segmental branches of the right renal artery were sandwiched between the two veins. An additional venous tributary was present posterior to the right renal pelvis.