Differential trajectories of parent-child relationships and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents.

In this 2-year longitudinal study, trajectories of family development during the second half of adolescence were examined. Cluster analyses of 208 adolescents' reports of family connectedness and individuality yielded three groups: families who were constantly high on connectedness and individuality, families who were high on connectedness and showed an increase in individuality over time and families who were higher on individuality than connectedness at every point in time. Adolescents in the latter group had higher levels of aggressiveness and depressive mood than those in the other two types of families.

Blue-green algae toxicosis in cattle.

Twenty-four of 175 heifers died after ingesting water from a stock pond containing blue-green algae (genus Microcystis) in southern Colorado. Affected cattle were found dead or had signs of nervousness, and were recumbent, weak, anorectic, and hypersensitive to noise when first examined. All cattle died within 3 days after the onset of signs.

Sweet clover poisoning in dairy cattle in California.

Eight of 600 Holstein heifers and cows died after ingestion of sweet clover silage (Melilotus sp) that contained excessive concentrations of dicumarol caused by mold infestation. The cattle developed subcutaneous hemorrhages and bled from the vagina, became weak, were unable to move, and died. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sweet clover poisoning in cattle from California and is discussed in light of previous findings in the Midwest and Canada.

Energy metabolism in cochlear outer hair cells in vitro.

ATP levels in outer hair cells in vitro were measured using the luciferin/luciferase method. Hair cells were isolated from the guinea pig cochlea and maintained for 2 h in a balanced salt solution with 5.5 mM glucose.

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases mediate calcium-induced slow motility of mammalian outer hair cells.

Cochlear outer hair cells in vitro respond to elevation of intracellular calcium with slow shape changes over seconds to minutes ('slow motility'). This process is blocked by general calmodulin antagonists suggesting the participation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymatic reactions. The present study proposes a mechanism for these reactions.