Sympathetic nerves, salivary secretion, and the parched mouth of fear: unraveling historical perspectives on persistent contradiction in physiology textbooks.

We have observed two starkly contradictory notions regarding the sympathetic influence on the salivary outflow in discussions with our students. Most of them believe that sympathetic nerves decrease salivation and are antagonistic to parasympathetic nerves. Some students, however, show awareness of the cooperative stimulatory action of both types of autonomic fibers.

App-Based Mindfulness for Attenuation of Subjective and Physiological Stress Reactivity in a Population With Elevated Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Stress-related mental health disorders have steadily increased and contributed to a worldwide disease burden with up to 50% experiencing a stress-related mental health disorder worldwide. Data suggest that only approximately 20%-65% of individuals receive treatment. This gap in receiving treatment may be attributed to barriers such as limited treatment access, negative stigma surrounding mental health treatment, approachability (ie, not having a usual treatment plan or provider), affordability (ie, lack of insurance coverage and high treatment cost), and availability (ie, long waits for appointments) leaving those who need treatment without necessary care.

Biosimilars in dermatology: identifying myths and knowledge gaps.

Biosimilars are beginning to gain regulatory approval in the United States. Biosimilars are structurally near identical to the innovator and must demonstrate identical pharmacokinetics via the same binding affinity and biological function on assays. However, biologics are so complex that even the innovator company cannot produce exact duplicates; there is batch-to-batch variation.

Oversight of in-office dispensing and samples in dermatology.

The provision of samples and in-office dispensing of products and medications to patients are important, yet often controversial, practices in dermatology. Opinions on the practices of sampling and in-office dispensing vary greatly among dermatologists. Ultimately, there are several advantages and disadvantages associated with each practice, and common topics of discussion include ethics, costs, safety, and adherence.

Multi-centre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint assessed, trial of corticosteroids plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin, versus IVIG and aspirin for prevention of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in Kawasaki disease (KD): the KD CAA prevention (KD-CAAP) trial protocol.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting inflammatory vasculitis affecting predominantly medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. A number of recent studies conducted in different European countries have demonstrated alarmingly high coronary complications despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). These high complication rates now emphasize the need for an urgent reappraisal of IVIG as the sole primary therapeutic agent for KD.

Refractory Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo Responding to Tofacitinib Monotherapy.

Background: In the last several years, oral tofacitinib has become an increasingly utilized off-label treatment option for immune-mediated skin conditions such as alopecia areata (AA), vitiligo, plaque psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Few case reports exist of patients with concomitant AA and vitiligo treated with tofacitinib.

Methods: Photographs of the patient's affected disease areas were obtained at initiation of tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID) and subsequent return visits over two years of treatment.

Exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence permeability, antimicrobial peptide resistance, biofilm formation and membrane phospholipid structure in an A-layer and non-A-layer strain of Aeromonas salmonicida.

Aeromonas salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a wide host range of fish populations, including salmonids and non-salmonids as well as freshwater and marine life. Some strains of A. salmonicida cause the disease furunculosis, which can cause lethargy, intestinal inflammation, ulcers, haemorrhaging and death.

Unmet Needs in Psoriasis Patients.

Background: Psoriasis can greatly impact patients' quality of life. The introduction of new treatments has improved treatment outcomes, but treatment gaps may still exist.

Objective: Identify unmet treatment needs in patients with psoriasis.

Percutaneous Egression: What Do We Know?

Background: The process by which drugs leave the bloodstream to enter the skin compartments is important in determining appropriate routes of delivery and developing more efficacious medications. We conducted a general literature review on percutaneous egression mechanisms.

Summary: Studies demonstrate that the stratum corneum (SC) is a compartment for systemically delivered drugs.

Association between nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities and autoimmune disease in pediatric populations.

Objective: Time to diagnosis of autoimmune disease in pediatric populations can take years but nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) may identify early signs of autoimmune disease. The aim of this study is to assess the association between nailfold capillary abnormalities and autoimmune disease in children.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus was performed to identify all studies published before March 17, 2021.

Testing approaches to sharing trial results with participants: The Show RESPECT cluster randomised, factorial, mixed methods trial.

Background: Sharing trial results with participants is an ethical imperative but often does not happen. We tested an Enhanced Webpage versus a Basic Webpage, Mailed Printed Summary versus no Mailed Printed Summary, and Email List Invitation versus no Email List Invitation to see which approach resulted in the highest patient satisfaction with how the results were communicated.

Methods And Findings: We carried out a cluster randomised, 2 by 2 by 2 factorial, nonblinded study within a trial, with semistructured qualitative interviews with some patients (ISRCTN96189403).

Impact of pharmacist involvement on medication safety in interprofessional transfer of care activity.

Aim: Any transition of patient care is a high-risk time for communication error. This paper explores whether the presence of a pharmacist as part of an interprofessional group provides additional benefit and safety in transitions of care.

Method: Six pharmacy interns and newly qualified pharmacists joined participants from seven other health professional training programmes to take part in an interprofessional education activity.

An overview of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide once-daily topical gel as a therapeutic option for acne.

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition worldwide, and it is associated with substantial psychological comorbidity. Topical therapies - including retinoids, antibiotics, and benzoyl peroxide - are the cornerstones of treatment for patients with acne. The main barriers to care in the treatment of acne are poor adherence to therapy and lack of tolerability.

Topical calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a drug evaluation.

 Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 3.2% of adults in the United States. The mainstay treatment for mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis (the most common subtype and severity) is topical therapy.

Clascoterone: How the Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Fits Into the Acne Treatment Paradigm.

Many patients with acne remain unsatisfied with results from the various topical treatments available and often do not improve, because of poor adherence. Even if topical clascoterone, a safe and effective treatment, were more potent than existing topicals, it could face the same poor adherence hurdle as existing treatments. Real-life efficacy will likely not reflect trial results because, for several reasons, adherence is better in trials than in real-life practice.