Specific human leucocyte antigen-DQ risk epitope mismatches are associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

A high-risk epitope mismatch (REM) (found in DQA1∗05 + DQB1∗02/DQB1∗03:01) is associated with de novo donor specific antibodies after lung transplantation (LTx). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains a barrier to LTx survival. This study aimed to measure the association between DQ REM and the risk of CLAD and death after LTx.

Whole lung lavage: Treating pulmonary alveolar proteinosis at the time of COVID pandemic.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome due to increased production or decreased clearance of surfactant in alveoli and terminal bronchi that cause hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency. Here we present a patient with PAP whose disease was exacerbated by superimposed COVID-19 pneumonia. He underwent whole lung lavage (WLL).

Cannon ball appearance on radiology in a middle-aged diabetic female.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is commonly presented as cavitary lesion and infiltrations. It commonly involves upper lobe. Lower lobe involvement is less common.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: time for consensus.

Pneumomediastinum (PM) is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinal cavity. It is often regarded as a revealing sign of a more serious medical condition. PM is broken down into two categories, one, with an instigating event, referred to as secondary PM.

Manifestations of pulmonary disease in adults with congenital heart disease.

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are more frequently living into adulthood as their survival has improved due to availability of better medical and surgical management in recent times. Management of adults with CHD is emerging as new challenge in the field of medical science. Adults surviving with CHD for longer duration have been observed to develop more complications as compared to children.

A 65-year-old female with an endobronchial mass lesion.

Glomus tumor is a rare, predominantly benign, soft tissue tumor. The lower respiratory tract is an uncommon site of origin of glomus tumor, so endobronchial glomus tumor is extremely rare. Such tumors are mostly benign and identified incidentally on imaging.

Elongated uvula and diagnostic utility of spirometry in upper airway obstruction.

Elongated uvula is relatively an uncommon condition. Upper airway obstruction is often a missed complication of such a rare condition. Clinical presentations of upper airway obstruction often mimic asthma.

Pulmonary actinomycosis in fine needle aspiration cytology.

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare bacterial lung disease caused by one of two types of bacteria, Actinomyces or Propioni. Pulmonary actinomycosis in the lung causes lung cavities, lung nodules, and pleural effusion. We report here a case of pulmonary actinomycosis that was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).