Electrochemical Glycosylation via Halogen-Atom-Transfer for -Glycoside Assembly.

Glycosyl donor activation emerged as an enabling technology for anomeric functionalization, but aimed primarily at -glycosylation. In contrast, we herein disclose mechanistically distinct electrochemical glycosyl bromide donor activations via halogen-atom transfer and anomeric -glycosylation. The anomeric radical addition to alkenes led to -alkyl glycoside synthesis under precious metal-free reaction conditions from readily available glycosyl bromides.

A Systematic Review and Qualitative Analysis of Studies Performing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) in Tuberculosis (TB) of the Knee.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread global disease that significantly impacts daily life. Skeletal TB comprises about 10-35% of all TB cases. Significant research on the spine and hip exists, but due to the rarity of cases, the management of TB is less explored.

Fractionation and identification of bioactive compounds from a salt marsh plant (L.) and its antioxidant activity.

(L.) is a fast-growing herbaceous perennial and halophyte belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Bioactive compound identification from halophytes is more helpful for the drug development process.

Review of the demographic and educational profiles of abdominal imaging fellowship program directors in the United States.

Purpose: To evaluate demographics, academic backgrounds, and scholarly activities of Program Directors (PDs) in Abdominal Imaging Fellowships in the United States (US), emphasizing gender representation, international origins, and academic milestones.

Methods: A list of Fellowships in Abdominal Imaging programs in the US was obtained from the Society of Abdominal Radiology. The search was expanded using the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database.

Utility of balanced steady-state field precession sequence in the evaluation of retinal and subdural hemorrhages in patients with abusive head trauma.

Abusive head trauma is the leading cause of physical child abuse deaths in children under 5 years of age in the United States. To evaluate suspected child abuse, radiologic studies are typically the first to identify hallmark findings of abusive head trauma including intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, and ischemic injury. Prompt evaluation and diagnosis are necessary as findings may change rapidly.

Domino meta-C-H Ethyl Glycosylation by Ruthenium(II/III) Catalysis: Modular Assembly of meta-C-Alkyl Glycosides.

Glycosyl anomeric radical addition reactions have been well-explored and proved efficient for the C-alkyl glycosides synthesis, but multicomponent Domino transformations for the rapid and controllable construction of structurally diversified C-alkyl glycosides in a single step are still rare. In contrast, we, herein, report a ruthenium(II)-catalyzed Domino meta-C-H ethyl glycosylation, enabling the construction of challenging meta-C-alkyl glycosides. Our ruthenium(II) catalysis was reflected by the mild reaction condition, exclusive meta-site selectivity and high levels of anomeric selectivity.

Utility of three-dimensional and reformatted head computed tomography images in the evaluation of pediatric abusive head trauma.

Skull fractures are common in the pediatric population following head trauma and are estimated to occur post head trauma in 11% of children younger than 2 years. A skull fracture indicates potential underlying intracranial injury and might also help explain the mechanism of injury. Multiple primary and accessory sutures complicate the identification of non-depressed fractures in children younger than 2 years.

Pediatric interventional radiology workforce in North America: a descriptive analysis of demographics, educational backgrounds and scholarly activities.

Background: Pediatric interventional radiology has grown as an advanced subspecialty with increased demand, number and complexity of cases, and number of pediatric institutions offering a pediatric interventional radiology service. Despite the overall increase in the number of pediatric interventionalists over the past two decades, there is a heterogeneity in their academic backgrounds and a lack of uniform training pathways.

Objective: To analyze the demographics, academic backgrounds and scholarly activities of pediatric interventionalists across the United States (U.

HIV-vacuolar myelopathy: an unusual early presentation in HIV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-vacuolar myelopathy is a late presentation of HIV infection and rarely the presenting symptom. Treatment of HIV-vacuolar myelopathy involves anti-retroviral therapy, but neurological deficits are devastating if diagnosis is delayed. We present a rare case of a patient who presented with HIV-vacuolar myelopathy as the initial presentation in a case of newly diagnosed HIV.

Developing and Evaluating a Remote Quality Assurance System for Point-of-Care Ultrasound for an Internal Medicine Residency Global Health Track.

A quality assurance system is vital when using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to ensure safe and effective ultrasound use. There are many barriers to implementing a quality assurance system including need for costly software, faculty time, and extra work to log images. With minimal funding or protected faculty time, we successfully developed an effective remote quality assurance system between residents rotating internationally and faculty in the US.

Critical Evaluation of Interventional Neuroradiology Fellowship Program Websites in North America.

Objective: To investigate the accessibility and content of interventional neuroradiology (INR) fellowship program websites in North America.

Methods: We obtained a list of INR/endovascular surgical neuroradiology (ESN) fellowship programs from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training, the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, and the Neurosurgical Fellowship Training Program Directory websites. Individual program websites were evaluated for 27 different fellow recruitment and education criteria.

Imaging in Vaping-associated Lung Injury: Beyond the Haze.

E-cigarette or vaping, product associated lung injury is a rampant public health issue with a total of 2807 reported hospitalized patients in the United States as of February 18, 2020. Limited data, non-specific symptoms, non-responsiveness to antibiotics, and the lack of a specific biomarker, make it a diagnosis of exclusion. Overlap of clinical and imaging findings with other ongoing respiratory illness (MERS, SARS and COVID-19) poses a challenge in accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program Director Workforce in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis.

Purpose: To investigate and describe the demographics, academic background, and scholarly activity of Diagnostic Radiology (DR) residency program directors in the United States.

Methods: A list of all DR residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and corresponding program directors (PD) was obtained from ACGME website. Information about each PD was obtained from publicly available sources including program websites, Healthgrades and Doximity.

Disease Classification in Eggplant Using Pre-trained VGG16 and MSVM.

Currently, the application of deep learning in crop disease classification is one of the active areas of research for which an image dataset is required. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is one of the important crops, but it is susceptible to serious diseases which hinder its production. Surprisingly, so far no dataset is available for the diseases in this crop.

Effect of a Community Health Worker-Based Approach to Integrated Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in India: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Eighty percent of premature mortality from cardiovascular disease occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking are the top risk factors causing this disease burden.

Objectives: The study aimed to test the hypothesis that utilizing community health workers (CHWs) to manage hypertension, diabetes and smoking in an integrated manner would lead to improved control of these conditions.

Baseline IGFBP - 3 as the Key Element to Predict Growth Response to Growth Hormone and IGF - 1 Therapy in Subjects with Non - GH Deficient Short Stature and IGF - 1 Deficiency.

Background: Short stature in children represents a heterogeneous group with different etiologies. Primary Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF - 1) deficiency in short stature can present with normal or elevated growth hormone (GH) production. Currently there is no model that can reliably predict response to recombinant (r)GH therapy and/or rIGF - 1 therapy in children with non - GH deficient short stature.

Snapping wrist due to multiple accessory tendon of first extensor compartment.

Background: Snapping phenomena result from the sudden impingement between anatomical and/or heterotopical structures with subsequent abrupt movement and noise. Snaps are variously perceived by patients, from mild discomfort to significant pain requiring surgical management. snapping syndrome occurs at various site like hip, knee, shoulder and wrist.

Possible Transfusion-Transmitted Babesia divergens-like/MO-1 Infection in an Arkansas Patient.

A patient with asplenia and multiple red blood cell transfusions acquired babesiosis infection with Babesia divergens-like/MO-1 organisms and not Babesia microti, the common United States species. He had no known tick exposure. This is believed to be the first transfusion-transmitted case and the fifth documented case of B.

Rationale and design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a community health worker-based program for cardiovascular risk factor control in India.

Background: The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in low- and middle-income countries is largely driven by the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco use. We hypothesize that the utilization of community health workers (CHWs) to screen for and manage these 3 determinants of CVD in an integrated manner would be an effective approach to favorably affecting public health.

Methods: We have designed and set up the infrastructure to implement a 2-year community-based cluster randomized controlled trial in an underserved region of West Bengal, India.

Genotypic variation in soil water use and root distribution and their implications for drought tolerance in chickpea.

Chickpeas are often grown under receding soil moisture and suffer ~50% yield losses due to drought stress. The timing of soil water use is considered critical for the efficient use of water under drought and to reduce yield losses. Therefore the root growth and the soil water uptake of 12 chickpea genotypes known for contrasts in drought and rooting response were monitored throughout the growth period both under drought and optimal irrigation.