Advancing Bioactive Material for Mandibular Bone Regeneration: Transformation of Fibrous Mat into 3D Matrix Cotton for Enhanced Shape Retention and Rapid Hemostasis.

Transformation of a fibrous mat into a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold opens up abundant innovative prospects in biomedical research, particularly for studying both soft as well as hard tissues. Electrospun nanofibers, which mimic the extracellular matrix have attracted significant attention in various studies. This research focuses on rapidly converting a fibrous mat made of polycaprolactone (PCL)/pluronic F-127 (PF-127) with different percentages of monetite calcium phosphate (MCP) into desirable 3D matrix cotton using a unique gas foaming technology.

Microwave-assisted fabrication of nanostructured borate bioactive glass and its bioactivity.

Sol-gel bioactive glass with nanocrystalline structures has demonstrated enhanced bioactivity and acceptance by the surrounding bone tissue. In particular, borate bioactive glasses exhibit higher reactivity and apatite formation under the simulated and conditions. This study presents a microwave-assisted synthesis of borate bioactive glass (58S) and an understanding of its structural and bioactivity.

GRP78 blockade overcomes acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.

Aims: While significant upregulation of GRP78 has been documented in lung cancer patients, its association with resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) remains underexamined. Our study aimed to elucidate the functional importance of GRP78 in acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.

Main Methods: Immunoblot analysis or flow cytometry was employed to assess several markers for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis.

Crucial Chemical Revelations in 45S5 Bioactive Glass via Sequential Precursor Integration Order.

Among the wet chemical nanoparticle fabrication techniques, the sol-gel process happens through hydrolysis and subsequent polycondensation reactions. The bioactive glass known as the 45S5 SiO-NaO-CaO-PO quaternary system has intricate chemistry, yet its advantages benefit the biomedical field on an enormous scale. The order in which the ethanol and TEOS inclusions are exchanged was investigated in this work because it has a direct impact on the early hydrolysis process.

Investigation of the change in the degree of Frankfort mandibular plane angle after levelling the curve of spee in different malocclusion groups.

Background And Objectives: The curve of Spee is a naturally occurring phenomenon in the human dentition. Leveling the curve of Spee can affect the Frankfort-mandibular plane (FMP) Angle and thus the lower anterior facial height. This study examined the degree of change in FMP angle after leveling the curve of Spee in different malocclusion groups.

Rapidly derived equimolar Ca: P phasic bioactive glass infused flexible gelatin multi-functional scaffolds - A promising tissue engineering.

The study aims to design and fabricate an ultra-easier multi-functional biomedical polymeric scaffold loaded with unique equimolar Ca:P phasic bioactive glass material (BG). Gelatin (G) - 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds were synthesized via a simple laboratory refrigerator with higher biocompatibility and cytocompatibility. The results proved that BG has enhanced bio-mineralization of the scaffolds and results support that the G: BG (1:2) ratio is the more appropriate composition.

Encapsulation of Lidocaine nanoparticles in Gadus morhua derived lipoic acid.

Unlabelled: Local Anesthetics are used clinically for anesthesia and analgesia either following surgery or for management of acute and chronic pain conditions. Liposomal Encapsulation aids in improved delivery at the tissue level. This paper deals with formulation and characterization of Gadus morhua derived liposome encapsulated Lidocaine nanoparticles.

Solution-processable polymers of intrinsic microporosity for gas-phase carbon dioxide photoreduction.

Four solution-processable, linear conjugated polymers of intrinsic porosity are synthesised and tested for gas phase carbon dioxide photoreduction. The polymers' photoreduction efficiency is investigated as a function of their porosity, optical properties, energy levels and photoluminescence. All polymers successfully form carbon monoxide as the main product, without the addition of metal co-catalysts.

A comparative investigation of the activity of superoxide dismutase in patients with leukoplakia and healthy controls.

Context And Aim: Oral leukoplakia has recently been re-defined as "a predominantly white lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterised as any other definable lesion". Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the enzymatic anti-oxidants which form the first line of defence in the cell. There are very limited data available on the analysis of SOD in leukoplakia patients.

Drug delivery in transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: Ex vivo evaluation using transparent tissue imaging.

In this study, we elucidated for the first time the role of anti-cancer drugs in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) via direct visualization of the spatial distribution of drugs with respect to blood vessels in intact transparent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. To date, precise estimation of drug penetration into tumors using thin 3D tissue sections has been challenging. This study utilized the tissue optical clearing technique to resolve the lack of tissue clarity, thereby enabling deep tissue imaging for the quantitative assessment of drug delivery following TACE.

Influence of varying thermal treatment on bioactive material with equal Ca/P ratio: A local drug delivery system for bone regeneration.

Designing a biomaterial with excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, mechanical strength, porosity, and osteogenic properties is essential to incorporate therapeutic agents in order to promote efficient bone regeneration. The work intended to prepare bioactive glass with tailor-made equal Ca/P (CP) ratio to obtain clinophosinaite (Cpt) as dominant phase. Clinophosinaite (Na CaPSiO ) is one of the rarest phases of bioactive glass (BG), which is supposed to play key role in bioactivity.

Anatomical Landmark Detection using Deep Appearance-Context Network.

Accurate identification of anatomical landmarks is a crucial step in medical image analysis. While deep neural networks have shown impressive performance on computer vision tasks, they rely on a large amount of data, which is often not available. In this work, we propose an attention-driven end-to-end deep learning architecture, which learns the local appearance and global context separately that helps in stable training under limited data.

Forward Model and Deep Learning Based Iterative Deconvolution for Robust Dynamic CT Perfusion.

Perfusion maps obtained from low-dose computed tomography (CT) data suffer from poor signal to noise ratio. To enhance the quality of the perfusion maps, several works rely on denoising the low-dose CT (LD-CT) images followed by conventional regularized deconvolution. Recent works employ deep neural networks (DNN) for learning a direct mapping between the noisy and the clean perfusion maps ignoring the convolution-based forward model.

Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Increase Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) composed of an electron donor/acceptor (D/A) semiconductor blend have recently emerged as an efficient class of hydrogen-evolution photocatalysts. It is demonstrated that using conjugated polymers functionalized with (oligo)ethylene glycol side chains in NP photocatalysts can greatly enhance their H -evolution efficiency compared to their nonglycolated analogues. The strategy is broadly applicable to a range of structurally diverse conjugated polymers.

Never events in orthopaedics: A nationwide data analysis and guidance on preventative measures.

Background: Never Events (NE) are serious clinical incidents that are wholly preventable if appropriate institutional safeguards are in place and followed. They are often used as a surrogate of the quality of healthcare delivered by an institution. Most NEs are surgical and orthopaedic surgery is one of the most involved specialties.

5,6,7 trihydroxy flavone armoured neurodegeneration caused by Quinolinic acid induced huntington's like disease in rat striatum - reinstating the level of brain neurotrophins with special reference to cognitive-socio behaviour, biochemical and histopathological aspects.

Huntington Disease (HD), a predominant Neurodegenerative Disorder which might be induced by endogenous neurotoxin called Quinolinic Acid (QA), an N-methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist, the bilaterally intrastriatal administration (200 nm/2 μL of saline) offers rise to the toxic events like neuronal death, neuroinflammation by inflicting excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in the striatum of male Wistar rats by exhibiting the behavioural changes which was accessed by rotarod, open field analysis. In this study, the neuropharmacological effect of Baicalein (BC) against QA induced HD was evaluated. Baicalein (BC), scientifically 5,6,7 trihydroxy flavone present naturally in the edible plants like Scutellaria baicalensis and Oroxylum indicum possess a better neuroprotective effect in the dosage of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the striatum of HD induced rats.

An integrated benefit-risk assessment of cobalt-containing alloys used in medical devices: Implications for regulatory requirements in the European Union.

In 2017, the European Union (EU) Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) recommended the classification of metallic cobalt (Co) as Category 1B with respect to its carcinogenic and reproductive hazard potential and Category 2 for mutagenicity but did not evaluate the relevance of these classifications for patients exposed to Co-containing alloys (CoCA) used in medical devices. CoCA are inherently different materials from Co metal from a toxicological perspective and thus require a separate assessment. CoCA are biocompatible materials with a unique combination of properties including strength, durability, and a long history of safe use that make them uniquely suited for use in a wide-range of medical devices.

Acene Ring Size Optimization in Fused Lactam Polymers Enabling High n-Type Organic Thermoelectric Performance.

Three n-type fused lactam semiconducting polymers were synthesized for thermoelectric and transistor applications via a cheap, highly atom-efficient, and nontoxic transition-metal free aldol polycondensation. Energy level analysis of the three polymers demonstrated that reducing the central acene core size from two anthracenes (), to mixed naphthalene-anthracene (), and two naphthalene cores () resulted in progressively larger electron affinities, thereby suggesting an increasingly more favorable and efficient solution doping process when employing 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1-benzimidazol-2-yl)-,-dimethylbenzenamine (N-DMBI) as the dopant. Meanwhile, organic field effect transistor (OFET) mobility data showed the and polymers to feature the highest charge carrier mobilities, further highlighting the benefits of aryl core contraction to the electronic performance of the materials.

AgS quantum dot theragnostics.

Silver sulfide quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) as a theragnostic agent have received much attention because they provide excellent optical and chemical properties to facilitate diagnosis and therapy simultaneously. Ag2S QDs possess brightness and photostability suitable for intense and stable bioimaging. It has been verified via in vitro and in vivo studies that Ag2S QDs do not cause serious toxicity, unlike the first generation of widely used heavy metal-based (cadmium or lead) QDs.

Printing-Based Assay and Therapy of Antioxidants.

Antioxidants are essential in regulating various physiological functions and oxidative deterioration. Over the past decades, many researchers have paid attention to antioxidants and studied the screening of antioxidants from natural products and their utilization for treatments in diverse pathological conditions. Nowadays, as printing technology progresses, its influence in the field of biomedicine is growing significantly.

Surgical tool segmentation and localization using spatio-temporal deep network.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery is a minimally invasive surgery to remove the gallbladder, where surgical instruments are inserted through small incisions in the abdomen with the help of a laparoscope. Identification of tool presence and precise segmentation of tools from the video is very important in understanding the quality of the surgery and training budding surgeons. Precise segmentation of tools is required to track the tools during real-time surgeries.

Multifunctional TPP-PEG-biotin self-assembled nanoparticle drug delivery-based combination therapeutic approach for co-targeting of GRP78 and lysosome.

Background: In this study, a multifunctional tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) conjugated polyethylene glycol with biotin (TPP-PEG-biotin) as a photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) material encapsulating a ruthenium complex 1 (Ru-1) was fabricated as self-assembled nanoparticle (Ru-1@TPP-PEG-biotin SAN) to co-target glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the lysosome as a new anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.

Results: The MTT assay results reveals the enhanced anticancer activity of the Ru-1@TPP-PEG-biotin SANs due to the co-targeting of the GRP78 and lysosome. The Ru-1@TPP-PEG-biotin reduced level of GRP78 and lysosomal ceramide that contributed to the stability of the lysosomal membrane.

Thermal treatment stimulus on erythrocyte compatibility and hemostatic behavior of one-dimensional bioactive nanostructures.

This study identifies the role and significance of heat treatment parameters on blood compatibility and hemostatic performances. Bioactive nanomaterials step annealed at 550 and 600°C enhances the biocompatibility due to the liberation of nitrate content. This also develops the anisotropic structures such as needle-like and rod-like appearances that positively improve the erythrocyte compatibility.