Chemo-, regio- and enantioselective hydroformylation of trisubstituted cyclopropenes: access to chiral quaternary cyclopropanes.

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of polysubstituted chiral cyclopropane presents a significant challenge in organic synthesis due to the difficulty in enantioselective control. Here we report a rhodium-catalyzed highly chemo-, regio- and enantioselective hydroformylation of trisubstituted cyclopropenes affording chiral quaternary cyclopropanes. Importantly, the easy made sterically bulky ligand L1 can effectively suppress hydrogenation and decomposition reactions and give quaternary cyclopropanes with high regio- and enantioselectivities for both aryl and alkyl functionalized substrates.

Diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis in India: What is at stake for developing countries?

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening monogenic disease affecting thousands of people worldwide. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel that facilitates transportation of water and salts across epithelial cell membranes through the conductance of Cl and other anions. A dysfunctional CFTR due to abnormalities in the gene causes CF, which is believed to be a rare disease in India mainly due to mis/underdiagnosis.

Phylogenic diversity of bacteria associated with potentially toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa: a synthesis on its bloom dynamics.

The occurrence of toxic bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, has been frequently reported worldwide. These colony forming toxic cyanobacteria harbour a wide range of heterotrophic bacterial communities. The present study has attempted to understand the bloom dynamics of M.

A Study to Assess Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Vitamin D on Gingivitis: A Dose Dependent Randomised Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency increases gingivitis risk. Studies show that higher vitamin D levels reduce inflammation.

Materials And Methods: College conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial on 451 people's vitamin D and gingival health at baseline.

Patterns and variability in the microplastic contamination along the southwest coast of India with emphasis on submarine groundwater discharge sites.

Beach sediments of the southwest coast of India were analysed to estimate the microplastic contamination with emphasis on the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) zones. Both SGD and non-SGD sites were assessed for abundance, morphotype and polymer type of microplastics. Microplastic load was 230.

Observed evidence for the impact of coastal currents on the recurrent Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the northwest Indian Ocean coast.

Recently, South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) experiences recurrent winter blooms of green Noctiluca scintillans with serious ecological consequences. Here, the analysis of green N. scintillans blooms in SEAS for the past three consecutive years (2018-2021) is presented.

Role of innate immunity and systemic inflammation in cystic fibrosis disease progression.

Pathophysiological manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) result from a functional defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) paving way for mucus obstruction and pathogen colonization. The role of CFTR in modulating immune cell function and vascular integrity, irrespective of mucus thickening, in determining the host cell response to pathogens/allergens and causing systemic inflammation is least appreciated. Since CFTR plays a key role in the conductance of anions like Cl, loss of CFTR function could affect various basic cellular processes, such as cellular homeostasis, lysosome acidification, and redox balance.

Development of a calculated panel reactive antibody calculator for the United Arab Emirates: a proof of concept study.

Calculated panel reactive antibody (CPRA) is used to help increase sensitized patient's access to transplantation. United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a diverse resident population hence we developed a UAE-CPRA calculator based on HLA antigen frequencies of the different ethnic groups that represent the UAE population. HLA antigen frequencies at serological split antigen level for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 of 1002 healthy unrelated donors were performed.

Directional polymer crystallisation with a fast-moving sink.

It has previously been shown that non-isothermal directional polymer crystallisation driven by local melting (Zone Annealing), has a close analogy with an equivalent isothermal crystallisation protocol. This surprising analogy is due to the low thermal conductivity of polymers-because they are poor thermal conductors, crystallisation occurs over a relatively narrow spatial domain while the thermal gradient spans a much wider scale. This separation of scales, which occurs in the limit of small sink velocity, allows replacing the crystallinity profile with a step and the temperature at the step acts as an effective isothermal crystallisation temperature.

Ameliorating effect of erythropoietin in a severe case of COVID-19: case report.

The COVID-19 pandemic is arguably one of the greatest public health crises since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Although several vaccines have been approved and rolled out, effective antiviral treatment options are very limited. Here, we present a case of severe COVID-19 that failed to respond to the standard interventions and continued to deteriorate.

The role of glycans in the mechanobiology of cancer.

Although cancer is a genetic disease, physical changes such as stiffening of the extracellular matrix also commonly occur in cancer. Cancer cells sense and respond to extracellular matrix stiffening through the process of mechanotransduction. Cancer cell mechanotransduction can enhance cancer-promoting cell behaviors such as survival signaling, proliferation, and migration.

Implications of benthic ecological quality in structuring macrobenthos community in a tropical monsoon influenced port, New Mangalore, India.

Soft bottom macrobenthos are highly diverse benthic invertebrates, and their diversity depends mainly on the health of the benthic habitat. The impact of anthopogenic stress and port related activites on macrobenthos diversity was studied in New Mangalore port, a tropical monsoon influenced environment. A shift in the macrobenthos abundance and diversity was observed with seasons, along with shift in the dominance of opportunistic species.

Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid: thermodynamic and kinetic aspects on the oxidative degradation pathway.

Caffeic acid is a phenolic secondary metabolite from plants, which is known for its antioxidant properties. The effective mitigation of methanol-induced oxidative stress by caffeic acid depends on the direct radical scavenging as well as the formation of new metabolites oxidative degradation. Herein, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the oxidative degradation pathway of caffeic acid in the presence of radical CHO and its isomer, CHOH are discussed for the first time, employing density functional theory (DFT).

Physics of Directional Polymer Crystallization.

It has been proposed that the nonisothermal directional crystallization of a polymer driven by a moving sink has an exact analogy to an equivalent isothermal crystallization protocol. We show that this is substantially true because polymers are poor thermal conductors; thus, polymer crystallization occurs over a relatively narrow spatial regime, while the thermal gradients created by this freezing occur over a much broader scale. This separation of scales allows us to replace the crystallization process, which is spatially distributed, with an equivalent step.

Curcumin analogues with improved antioxidant properties: A theoretical exploration.

Curcumin, a ubiquitous dietary molecule, is a versatile antioxidant that fights against free radicals. The antioxidant activity of curcumin and its structural analogues such as hispolon, halfcurcumin and polyhydroxycurcumin is analyzed using density functional theory (DFT). The thermochemical parameter, bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) is used to analyse the propensity of radical attack.

Hydrodynamic collision between a microswimmer and a passive particle in a micro-channel.

Microswimmers interacting with passive particles in confinement are common in many systems, e.g., spermatozoa encountering other cells or debris in the female reproductive tract or active particles interacting with polymers and tracers in microfluidic channels.

Modeling polymer crystallisation induced by a moving heat sink.

Recent experimental work has shown that polymer crystallisation can be used to "move" and organize nanoparticles (NP). As a first effort at modeling this situation, we consider the classical Stefan problem but with the modification that polymer crystallisation does not occur at a single temperature. Rather, the rate of crystallisation is proportional to its subcooling, and here we employ a form inspired by the classical Avrami model to describe this functional form.

Antigenotoxic and Antimutagenic Effects of , a Traditional Medicinal Herb against Genotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide: An Study on Human Peripheral Lymphocytes.

(family: Acanthaceae) is a medicinal herb-used in Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani), traditional and folk systems to treat various illnesses. This study examined the phytochemical constituents of ethanol extract from and its protective effect against genotoxicity caused by cyclophosphamide (CPA). Phytochemical screening and estimation of total phenolic content were analyzed using standard methods.

Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of melatonin and its related indolamines.

The hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activities of Melatonin, an endogenously produced neurohormone and its related indolamines like -acetyl tryptophan (NAT) and -acetyl serotonin (NAS) have been investigated using density functional theory. The mechanism involves 4 steps: initial radical addition to position-3 of the indole ring, keto-amine to enol-imine tautomerization, cyclisation, and finally, addition of a second •OH leading to a cyclic end product. Incorporation of an explicit water molecule in tautomerization step leads to a significant reduction in the barrier of this step, so that the subsequent cyclisation step becomes rate-limiting.

Heparanase: A Dynamic Promoter of Myeloma Progression.

It has been speculated for many years that heparanase plays an important role in the progression of cancer due largely to the finding that its expression is weak or absent in normal tissues but generally as tumors become more aggressive heparanase expression increases. However, it is only in the last decade or so that we have begun to understand the molecular mechanism behind the sinister role that heparanase plays in cancer. In this review, we describe the many functions of heparanase in promoting the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of multiple myeloma, a devastating cancer that localizes predominantly within the bone marrow and spreads throughout the skeletal system devouring bone and ultimately leading to death of almost all patients diagnosed with this disease.

Exosomes from Cell Culture-Conditioned Medium: Isolation by Ultracentrifugation and Characterization.

Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin secreted by most cell types. Recent studies have identified exosomes as important mediators of intercellular communication and as important source materials for many clinical applications, including minimal invasive disease diagnosis. Exosomes have been purified from in vitro cell culture supernatants by many different methods; however the most simple and reliable method involves purification by ultracentrifugation.

Phylogenetic diversity and biotechnological potentials of marine bacteria from continental slope of eastern Arabian Sea.

Marine environments are substantially untapped source for the isolation of bacteria with the capacity to produce various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, which have important ecological roles and promising biotechnological applications. Hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes widely distributed in nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. Marine microbial communities are highly diverse and have evolved during extended evolutionary processes of physiological adaptations under the influence of a variety of ecological conditions and selection pressures.