Pesticidal plant extract effect against major lepidopteran insect pests and their natural enemies in rice L.

Extracts of plants have been used to manage various insect pests, but little information is available about how effective they are in reducing crop damage or how they affect crop yield and beneficial insects in rice. Extracts from leaves, leaves, leaves, leaves, cloves, and fruits, known to have insecticidal properties, were compared with two checks, viz., Azadirachtin 1% EC and standard insecticide Acephate 95 SG, for their efficacy against yellow stem borer (YSB), (Walk.

Insight into the Excited States in Monomers and π-Stacked Dimers of Azulene-Fused Acenes: ADC(2) and TD-DFT Studies.

Charge transfer (CT) states in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons play crucial roles in determining their electronic properties and their potential applications in organic electronics. In this work, we investigate the nature of the excited states in monomers and π-stacked dimers of azulene-fused naphthalene and anthracene systems, focusing on the interplay between structure and excited-state properties. Four different isomers for azulene-fused naphthalene (, , , and ) and anthracene (, , , and ) are considered.

Diverse pore ordering in porous silica: synthesis and quantitative structural insights based on combining scattering and imaging techniques.

Mesoporous silica exhibits a diverse range of applications owing to its pore structure and inter-pore correlation. Consequently, quantitative characterization of its mesoscopic structure is extremely crucial to reciprocate its potential applications. In this work, we utilized the chemical and aerosol routes to successfully synthesize granular, porous silica with an average pore size in the range of ∼5-10 nm and different degrees of structural correlation among its pores.

Facile synthesis of plasmonic BP@Au nanomatrix for sensitive detection of irinotecan and its active SN-38 metabolite via laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

A new methodology is presented for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of irinotecan (CPT-11), a chemotherapeutic agent utilized in the treatment of cancer, along with its metabolically active derivative, SN-38, via laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS). The method includes the detection of camptothecin (CPT), which can be utilized as an internal standard for the quantitative assessment of both CPT-11 and SN-38 in mouse serum. The approach utilizes a plasmonic two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus nanosheet (BPN)-gold nanomatrix (BP@Au) in LDI MS.

Comparison of the rhizospheric soil bacteriomes of Oryza sativa and Solanum melongena crop cultivars reveals key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of ectoine, lysine, and catechol meta-cleavage.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Poaceae family, forms staple diet of half of world's population, and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), an important solanaceous crop, are consumed worldwide.

Delayed Fluorescence in Dual-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals: Insight into the Role of Dopants.

This study investigates the photophysical behaviour of Mn/Fe and Mn/Sn co-doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to explore carrier dynamics and dopant interactions. Using gated photoluminescence (PL) and temperature-dependent measurements, we elucidate the impact of dopant chemistry on exciton behaviour, focusing on vibrationally assisted delayed fluorescence (VADF) and energy transfer mechanisms. The efficiency of VADF is influenced by factors such as the bandgap, temperature, quantum confinement, and host composition.

Quercetin: An anthelmintic potential against zoonotic tapeworm (Rudolphi, 1819).

Quercetin, a vital flavonoid found in many medicinal plants, has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-aging, anti-tumour, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-protozoal activity. However, very little is known of its anthelmintic activity; there is no literature against tapeworm infection so far. The present study was performed to expose its cestocidal role by using the zoonotic tapeworm as a parasite model.

Monitoring CO as a plant signaling molecule under heavy metal stress using carbon nanodots.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is widely recognized as a significant environmental pollutant and is associated with numerous instances of accidental poisoning in humans. However, it also serves a pivotal role as a signaling molecule in plants, exhibiting functions analogous to those of other gaseous signaling molecules, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS). In plant physiology, CO is synthesized as an integral component of the defense mechanism against oxidative damage, particularly under abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and exposure to heavy metals.

Assessment of microplastics and associated ecological risk in the longest river (Godavari) of peninsular India: A comprehensive source-to-sink analysis in water, sediment and fish.

Persistent microplastics (MPs) accumulation in the aqueous environments is considered a threat to the ecosystem, potentially harming aquatic species and human health. In view of the escalating problem of MPs pollution in India, a comprehensive investigation of MPs accumulation in major riverine systems is necessary. The current study aims to estimate MPs abundance in surface water, sediment, and fish samples along the entire stretch of Godavari, the largest river in peninsular India.

PSMC2 promotes resistance against temozolomide in glioblastoma via suppressing JNK-mediated autophagic cell death.

Temozolomide is universally used to treat glioblastoma due to its unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit tumor growth through DNA alkylation. However, over time, the inevitable emergence of resistance to temozolomide impedes successful treatment of this cancer. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve treatment outcomes for this malignancy.

Ultra-Fast Moisture Sensor for Respiratory Cycle Monitoring and Non-Contact Sensing Applications.

As human-machine interface hardware advances, better sensors are required to detect signals from different stimuli. Among numerous technologies, humidity sensors are critical for applications across different sectors, including environmental monitoring, food production, agriculture, and healthcare. Current humidity sensors rely on materials that absorb moisture, which can take some time to equilibrate with the surrounding environment, thus slowing their temporal response and limiting their applications.

Surfing the Growth Parameters in the Quest for Low-Power, Forming-Free, and Highly Stable TiO Memristors for Nanoscale Electronics.

Understanding the resistive switching (RS) behavior of oxide-based memory devices at nanoscale is crucial for advancement of high-integration density in-memory computing platforms. This study explores a comprehensive growth parameter space to address the RS behavior of pulsed-laser-deposited substoichiometric TiO (TiO) thin films in search of tailored nanoscale memristors with low-power consumption and high stability. Conductive-atomic-force-microscopy-based measurements facilitate deciphering the switching behavior at nanoscale, providing a direct avenue to understand the microstructure-property relationships.

A Review on Sustainable Slow-Release N, P, K Fertilizer Hydrogels for Smart Agriculture.

The agricultural sector of any country plays a pivotal role in its economy. Irrigation and the provision of appropriate nutrient levels in soil are essential for optimizing plant growth and enhancing crop productivity. To support the increasing need for food due to the growing population worldwide, synthetic fertilizers have been widely used in the agricultural sector.

Rational design and synthesis of atomically precise nanocluster-based nanocomposites: a step towards environmental catalysis.

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess distinct properties that can present challenges in certain applications. However, integrating these materials to create new composite functional materials has gained significant interest due to their unique characteristics through a range of applications, particularly in catalysis. Considering MOFs as hosts and NCs as guests, several synergistic effects have been observed in composites, particularly in environmental catalytic reactions.

The Missing Link in Antiamyloid Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts millions of elderly adults worldwide causing cognitive decline and severe deterioration of activities of daily life. The popular causal hypotheses for several decades include beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. AD research and more than 34% of clinical trials in AD are based on these two hypotheses.

Spin-Frustrated Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of structured materials with diverse functionality originating from the distinctive physicochemical properties. This review focuses on the specific chemical design of geometrically frustrated MOFs along with the origin of the intriguing magnetic properties. We have discussed the arrangement of spin centres (metal and ligand) which are responsible for the unusual magnetic phenomena in MOFs.

Coupling of single nanodiamonds hosting SiV color centers to plasmonic double bowtie microantennas.

Color centers are promising single-photon emitters owing to their operation at room temperature and high photostability. In particular, using nanodiamonds as a host material is of interest for sensing and metrology. Furthermore, being a solid-state system allows for incorporation to photonic systems to tune both the emission intensity and photoluminescence spectrum and therefore adapt the individual color center to desired properties.

Incremental cost of treating antimicrobial-resistant infections among hospitalised patients in India: a cohort study.

Background: Accurate estimates of incremental cost (IC) attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) provide information of immense public health importance to the policy makers. Here, we present the IC from patient perspective for treating antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in India.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted in eight hospitals including government (GH), private (PH) and trust hospitals (TH), considering their ownership, geographical location and categories of cities.

Coupling of single nanodiamonds hosting SiV color centers to plasmonic double bowtie microantennas.

Color centers are promising single-photon emitters owing to their operation at room temperature and high photostability. In particular, using nanodiamonds as a host material is of interest for sensing and metrology. Furthermore, being a solid-state system allows for incorporation to photonic systems to tune both the emission intensity and photoluminescence spectrum and therefore adapt the individual color center to desired properties.

Estimation of Dislocation Densities With Nondestructive Scanning Electron Microscope Techniques: Application to Gallium Nitride.

Characterizing threading dislocations (TDs) in gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors is crucial for ensuring the reliability of semiconductor devices. The current research addresses this issue by combining two techniques using a scanning electron microscope, namely electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction (HR-EBSD). It is a comparative study of these techniques to underscore how they perform in the evaluation of TD densities in GaN epitaxial layers.

Real-time detection of somatostatin release from single islets reveals hypersecretion in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Somatostatin from pancreatic δ-cells is a paracrine regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion, but the release kinetics and whether secretion is altered in diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to improve understanding of somatostatin secretion by developing a tool for real-time detection of somatostatin release from individual pancreatic islets.

Methods: Reporter cells responding to somatostatin with cytoplasmic Ca concentration ([Ca]) changes were generated by co-expressing somatostatin receptor SSTR2, the G-protein Gα15 and a fluorescent Ca sensor in HeLa cells.

Pre-patellar Tumoral Calcinosis of Knee with Intra-articular Extension: An Index Case Study.

Introduction: Tumoral calcinosis is a rare hereditary condition characterized by the deposition of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in periarticular soft tissues. First described by Giard and Duret in 1898 and later detailed by Inclan in 1943, this condition has often been confused with other forms of periarticular calcification. Tumoral calcinosis predominantly affects young males and is typically found around major joints, such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle, and wrist.

Engaging with young professionals in transfusion medicine: Insights from a needs assessment survey targeting an international cohort.

Background And Objectives: Professionals who work or study in transfusion medicine under 40 years of age are considered young professionals (YPs) by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). While the ISBT provides opportunities for YPs, their needs have to be assessed to customize initiatives in a way that could potentially improve their engagement. This survey aimed to assess the needs of YPs in transfusion medicine and understand their perspectives on future ISBT initiatives.