Comprehensive management of chronic ear disease: Consecutive patient analysis at a tertiary children's hospital.

Objective: To characterize medical complexity and advanced interventions necessary to treat pediatric patients with chronic ear disease.

Methods: A retrospective case review of children who received surgery for chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, or tympanic membrane perforation at a tertiary children's hospital from 2020 to 2024 was performed. The frequency and type of medical complexities as well as distribution and success of advanced otologic interventions were recorded.

Perinatal Airway Management Mandibular Anomalies: A National Inpatient Cohort Analysis.

Objective: To characterize incidence of mandibular anomalies (MAs) and compare gestational age, airway interventions, and complications among individuals with MA phenotypes (isolated retrognathia, isolated micrognathia, syndromic micrognathia, micrognathia plus cleft palate/cleft lip and palate, agnathia/micrognathia plus cervical auricle/otocephaly, and agnathia/micrognathia plus microstomia) and unaffected individuals.

Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database was used to collect data over a 20-year period beginning in 2000. Interventions were classified as perinatal when performed on day of life (DOL) 0 or 1 and subsequent when performed during the birth hospitalization after DOL 1.

Systematic review: Clinical phenotypes, histopathological features and prognosis of enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers.

Background: Although enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has been known for over 10 years, clinicians' awareness of this condition is still low.

Aims: To systematically review the literature about clinical phenotypes, distribution of mucosal changes throughout the gastrointestinal tract and prognosis of enteropathy due to ARBs.

Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase for relevant articles up to November 6, 2023.

Perinatal airway management in neonatal goiter: A healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) kids' inpatient database analysis.

Introduction: Fetal goiter is a rare congenital disorder that can present with life-threatening neonatal airway obstruction. Lifesaving and function-preserving airway management strategies are available, but routine delivery affords a limited window for intervention. Accordingly, fetal goiter is reported among the most common indications for ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT).

Intraoperative neural monitoring during head and neck surgery in patients with concern for cervical spine instability.

Cervical and craniocervical instability are associated with catastrophic procedural outcomes. We discuss three individuals who required otolaryngologic surgical intervention: two with symptomatic spinal instability and one in whom spinal stability was unable to be assessed. Two cases were managed with procedural positioning precautions and evoked potential monitoring, and the other with procedural positioning precautions alone.

Clinical impact of videocapsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy in non-bleeding small bowel lesions.

Background: Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) are part of the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of indications other than suspected small bowel bleeding (OSBB). The literature is currently lacking studies describing these procedures in this particular setting.

Objectives: We assessed the clinical impact of VCE and DBE in a large monocentric cohort of OSBB patients, as compared to a control group of suspected small bowel bleeding (SSBB) patients who underwent enteroscopy over the same period.

Transformation of tall-tussock grasslands and soil water dynamics in the Flooding Pampa.

Cow-calf production is the main practice within marginal agricultural lands of the world, like the Flooding Pampa of Argentina, where it promotes the transformation of native tall-tussock grasslands Paspalum quadrifarium into native short-grass grasslands or sown pastures. The effect of these land use changes on water dynamics are not well understood, especially in regions subjected to marked interannual drought and flooding cycles. Here we measured soil properties (infiltration rate, bulk density and soil organic matter), rainfall interception by the canopy, and soil moisture during two years with different annual rainfall.

Indications, Resource Allocation, and Outcomes Associated with Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures: A North American Fetal Therapy Network Survey.

Introduction: Neonates with cardiorespiratory compromise at delivery are at substantial risk of hypoxic neurologic injury and death. Though mitigation strategies such as ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) exist, the competing interests of neonatal beneficence, maternal non-maleficence, and just distribution of resources require consideration. Due to the rarity of these entities, there are few systematic data to guide evidence-based standards.

Pembrolizumab Induced Acute Persistent Airway Disease in a Patient with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP).

Objective: To present an uncommon but serious, recently identified complication of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a patient treated with pembrolizumab infusion for disseminated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 43-year-old woman with underlying asthma developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure within 24 hours of her third infusion of pembrolizumab for treatment of intractable, disseminated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Rigid Video Laryngoscopy for Intubation in Severe Pierre Robin Sequence: A Retrospective Review.

Objectives/hypothesis: The anatomy of children with severe Pierre Robin sequence can present a challenge for direct laryngoscopy and intubation. Advanced techniques including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopic intubation have been described but require highly specialized skill and equipment. Rigid video laryngoscopy is more accessible but has not been described in this population.

International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG): Consensus recommendations on the prenatal and perinatal management of anticipated airway obstruction.

Objective: To make recommendations on the identification, routine evaluation, and management of fetuses at risk for airway compromise at delivery.

Methods: Recommendations are based on expert opinion by members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG). A two-iterative Delphi method questionnaire was distributed to all members of the IPOG and responses recorded.

Neonatal Lateral Epiglottic Defects.

Introduction: Multiple congenital abnormalities of the epiglottis have been reported and iatrogenic injuries to the larynx and subglottis are well known. We present a new pattern of defect not previously reported in the literature.

Methods: Epiglottic abnormalities at two institutions are reviewed.

Qualification of unilateral cochlear implant recipients for a second device.

Introduction: Although it is recommended to perform cochlear implantation in both ears at the same time for management of profound hearing loss in children, many centers prefer to perform sequential implantation. There are many reasons as to why a simultaneous bilateral implantation is not commonly accepted and performed. The major risk is the possibility of bilateral vestibular organ impairment.

Origin of Lactose Fermentation in Kluyveromyces lactis by Interspecies Transfer of a Neo-functionalized Gene Cluster during Domestication.

Humans have used yeasts to make cheese and kefir for millennia, but the ability to ferment the milk sugar lactose is found in only a few yeast species, of which the foremost is Kluyveromyces lactis [1]. Two genes, LAC12 (lactose permease) and LAC4 (lactase), are sufficient for lactose uptake and hydrolysis to glucose and galactose [2]. Here, we show that these genes have a complex evolutionary history in the genus Kluyveromyces that is likely the result of human activity during domestication.

Surgically-Relevant Anatomy of the External Auditory Canal Bulge and Scutum.

Hypothesis: Anatomic study of the external auditory canal's (EAC) anterior bulge, scutum, and ossicular chain will generate knowledge applicable to safe ear surgery and instrument design.

Background: The EAC contains two structures that obscure view of the middle ear: the anterior bulge and the scutum. The dimensions of these structures and their relationships to the ossicular chain have not been previously described.

Expansion and Diversification of MFS Transporters in .

In yeasts, proteins of the Major Superfamily Transporter selectively bind and allow the uptake of sugars to permit growth on varied substrates. The genome of brewer's yeast, , encodes multiple hexose transporters (Hxt) to transport glucose and other MFS proteins for maltose, galactose, and other monomers. For sugar uptake, the dairy yeast, , uses Rag1p for glucose, Hgt1 for glucose and galactose, and Lac12 for lactose.

Therapeutic approach to pediatric acute mastoiditis - an update.

Introduction: Acute mastoiditis remains the most common complication of acute otitis media. It may rarely appear also in cochlear implant patients. However, the treatment recommendations for this disease are not precisely defined or employed, and in the current literature the differences regarding both the diagnosis and management are relatively substantial.

The Petrosquamous Stalactite.

Objective To define the presence and relationship of the petrosquamous stalactite (PsS)-a condensation of the trabecular Korner's septum into a bony plate of the petrosquamous suture-to surrounding structures and understand its surgical implications. Study Design Series of cadaver dissections. Setting University of Missouri Alumni Temporal Bone and Microvascular Laboratory.

Avulsed Nasoenteric Bridle System Magnet as an Intranasal Foreign Body.

Nasoenteric tubes provide short-term nutrition support to patients unable to take an adequate oral diet. Bridling systems may be used to secure tubes to guard against displacement. We present the first case of an avulsed magnet from a bridling system to raise awareness of this potential complication.