Urinary Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in HIV sero-negative miliary tuberculosis patients.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide next to COVID. Miliary presentation is a form of TB that can cause 100% mortality without treatment. Due to lack of a gold standard test, a systematic approach of high index of clinical suspicion and efforts at demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis is imperative to early treatment initiation and mortality reduction.

Urinary lipoarabinomannan in individuals with sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global cause of ill health. Sputum microscopy for confirmation of presumptive pulmonary TB (PTB) has a reportedly low sensitivity of 22-43 per cent for single smear and up to 60 per cent under optimal conditions. National TB Elimination Programme in India recommends the use of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) and culture for microbiological confirmation in presumptive PTB individuals with sputum smear negative test.

Fluorescein Diacetate Vital staining for detecting viability of acid-fast bacilli in sputum of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Objective: To compare the performance of the Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) vital staining method with Ziehl-Neelsen staining method in detecting the viability of acid-fast bacilli using MGIT culture as "reference standard".

Methods: This was a single centre prospective observational study conducted from October 2015 to November 2016. Microbiologically confirmed ZN-Smear positive (3+) sputum specimens were obtained from 30 pulmonary tuberculosis patients taking anti-tuberculosis treatment at DOTS centre of NITRD, New Delhi.

Tetany in an Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) Patient Treated with Capreomycin.

Gross electrolytes disturbances including hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, and hypocalcaemia have been reported in tuberculosis patients who have been treated with capreomycin.1-3 Capreomycin is recommended in the treatment of M. tuberculosis isolates resistant to kanamycin at baseline in multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients (MDR - TB) and treatment of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) under programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis (PMDT) in India.

Initial experience of bedaquiline implementation under the National TB Programme at NITRD, Delhi, India.

Background: Bedaquiline (BDQ) was approved for treatment of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) under Conditional Access Programme (CAP) of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) and was also implemented in the National Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD). We present early efficacy and safety of BDQ containing regimens for DR-TB.

Objective: To ascertain the early efficacy and safety of Bedaquline containing regimens in treatment of DR-TB.

Early efficacy and safety of Bedaquiline and Delamanid given together in a "Salvage Regimen" for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients for whom a WHO recommended regimen along with Bedaquiline (BDQ) cannot be prescribed, Delamanid (DLM) was added along with other drugs to provide a "Salvage Regimen". The experience of the Institute in respect of early efficacy and safety of both drugs given together is presented.

Objective: To ascertain the early efficacy, safety and tolerability of Bedaquline and Delamanid given together as a part of salvage regimen.

Black brown discoloration and hairy tongue - A rare linezolid side effect.

Introduction: Linezolid was approved for clinical use for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Additionally it is used in the management of drug resistant tuberculosis. It is well-tolerated however bone marrow suppression and neuropathies may occur in patients taking this antibiotic for more than 2 weeks.

Total replacement of a lung by tuberculosis pneumatocele--an unusual post-tuberculosis sequel.

Total replacement of a lung by pneumatocele in pulmonary tuberculosis is rare. The formation of pneumatoceles in adult pulmonary tuberculosis can occur before, during or after anti-tuberculosis treatment. A case of pneumatocele formation in a 19-year young female following pulmonary tuberculosis is reported.

Evaluating the technique of using inhalation device in COPD and bronchial asthma patients.

Background: In asthma management, poor handling of inhalation devices and wrong inhalation technique are associated with decreased medication delivery and poor disease control. The key to overcome the drawbacks in inhalation technique is to make patients familiar with issues related to correct use and performance of these medical devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyse technique of use of the inhalation device used by patients of COPD and Bronchial Asthma.

Seizures with single therapeutic dose of isoniazid.

Isoniazid (INH) is an integral component of treatment of tuberculosis. An acute overdose is potentially fatal and is characterised by the clinical triad of repetitive seizures unresponsive to the usual anticonvulsants, metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap and coma. A case of isoniazid induced seizures after therapeutic dose of 600 mg.

Unilateral and painless development of isoniazid induced gynecomastia during re-treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

A case of isoniazid induced gynecomastia is being reported in an 18-year old male, who received a re-treatment regimen for the relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). At the end of two months of the treatment, the patient developed a painless unilateral gynecomastia, which completely disappeared after a month of the cessation of isoniazid. A review of literature on isoniazid induced gynecomastia is discussed.

Smear microscopy as surrogate for culture during follow up of pulmonary MDR-TB patients on DOTS Plus treatment.

Background: DOTS Plus site at LRS Institute, New Delhi, covering 1.8 million population.

Aims: To ascertain if sputum smear could be used as a surrogate for culture during intensive phase of treatment of MDR-TB patients thereby enabling early shift from intensive phase to continuation phase, reducing the need for frequent cultures and saving time and cost in their management.

Tuberculosis pneumonia as a primary cause of respiratory failure--report of two cases.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the treatable diseases rarely causing Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). Hypoxic respiratory failure is often fatal in miliary tuberculosis and acute tuberculous bronchopneumonia. We describe two patients of tuberculous pneumonia with ARF who were successfully treated with early appropriate anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Seven-year DOTS-Plus pilot experience in India: results, constraints and issues.

Background: India is initiating the DOTS-Plus strategy at the national level.

Objectives: To highlight the results, constraints and issues of a pilot DOTS-Plus experience in an urban setting in India.

Methods: Records of 126 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) enrolled from January 2002 to December 2006, who received a daily fully supervised standardised treatment regimen under a pilot DOTS-Plus study in India, were analysed retrospectively.

Pulmonary hydatidosis: clinical profile and follow up from an endemic region.

Objectives: The aim of this case series was to study the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of pulmonary hydatid cyst disease at a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A retrospective review of case records was carried out to collect demographic, clinical and outcome data on patients with pulmonary hydatid disease, treated over a 10 year period.

Results: A total of 49 cases were included in the series.

A case of Hodgkin's disease presenting as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis.

Lymphoproliferative disorders of lung have a broad clinical and pathologic spectrum. The clinical and radiographic features are non-specific. Accurate diagnosis is required to initiate appropriate therapeutic intervention.

Role of gallium arsenide laser irradiation at 890 nm as an adjunctive to anti-tuberculosis drugs in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis is a global emergency with about nine million people developing disease every year. The long duration of treatment has emerged as a major obstacle in the control of tuberculosis. There is a need for development of new drugs and or shortened therapy.

Microfilariae in association with other diseases. A report of six cases.

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries. Earlier reports have reported microfilariae as an incidental finding in body fluids and fine needle aspiration smears from various sites.

Cases: The findings of body fluid cytology and fine needle aspiration smears from six patients with microfilariae in association with other conditions--tubercular pleural effusion/lymphadenitis, pregnancy and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--are presented.

A case of tuberculosis of the thyroid gland.

We report a case of tuberculosis of the thyroid gland associated with mediastinal lymphadenitis in a 30 years-old male, who presented with dysphagia and a mid line anterior neck swelling. Fine needle aspiration was positive for acid fast bacilli. He made an uneventful recovery with antituberculous drugs.

Contralateral pleural effusion during chemotherapy for tuberculous pleural effusion.

A 25 year old woman developed a right pleural effusion 6 weeks after commencement of short course chemotherapy for left sided tuberculous pleural effusion. Since the patient improved following continuation of the same treatment, it is presumed to be a case of paradoxical response to anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Anti-IgG autoantibodies and possible immune regulatory mechanisms in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Setting: Anti-Ig antibodies are known to have important clinical and biological implications.

Objectives: To determine naturally occurring anti-F(ab')2 gamma and anti-Fc gamma antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in relation to various clinical manifestations and human leukocyte antigen (HLA).

Design: Antibodies to F(ab')2 and Fc portions of IgG were detected in the sera of normal healthy individuals (n = 41), patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 50) and their household family contacts (n = 20) using an enzyme immuno assay (EIA) system.