Majorana-fermion origin of the planar thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev magnet α-RuCl.

The field-induced quantum-disordered state of layered honeycomb magnet α-RuCl is a prime candidate for Kitaev spin liquids hosting Majorana fermions and non-Abelian anyons. Recent observations of anomalous planar thermal Hall effect demonstrate a topological edge mode, but whether it originates from Majorana fermions or bosonic magnons remains controversial. Here, we distinguish these origins from combined low-temperature measurements of high-resolution specific heat and thermal Hall conductivity with rotating magnetic fields within the honeycomb plane.

Gekko gecko extract attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gekko gecko is used as a traditional medicine for various diseases including respiratory disorders in northeast Asian countries, mainly Korea, Japan, and China.

Aim Of The Study: Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease caused by an inappropriate immune response. Due to the recent spread of coronavirus disease 2019, interest in the treatment of pulmonary disorders has rapidly increased.

PCR-based rapid diagnostic tools for the authentication of medicinal mistletoe species.

Background: Taxilli Herba (TH) and Visci Herba (VH), defined as the leaves and branches of the mistletoe species Taxillus chinensis and Viscum coloratum, respectively, are popular herbal medicines in East Asia. However, commercial TH and VH products are frequently adulterated with related inauthentic mistletoe species, posing efficacy and safety concerns. Accurate species identification of herbal medicinal products is a prerequisite for quality control, but traditional morphological identification methods are hampered by difficulties in discriminating among closely related species and in identifying the source materials in processed products.

Association between host wing morphology polymorphism and infection in (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae).

Many eusocial insects, including ants, show complex colony structures, distributions, and reproductive strategies. In the ant Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae), queens and males are produced clonally, while sterile workers arise sexually, unlike other ant species and Hymenopteran insects in general. Furthermore, there is a wing length polymorphism in the queen caste.

Accurate and Rapid Identification of Longan Arillus and Litchi Semen by a Multiplex PCR Assay.

, , and are commercially valuable subtropical and tropical fruits of the Sapindaceae family. Arillus and seeds of the three species have very similar morphologies; however, the arillus of is used as the herbal medicine Longan Arillus and seeds of are used as Litchi Semen in Korean and Chinese pharmacopoeias. The adulteration of herbal medicines with inauthentic species, including the use of Aril and seed fractions acquired from a single species for two herbal medicines (e.

Establishment of conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays for accurate, rapid and quantitative authentication of four mistletoe species.

Adulterants in processed food and herbal medicines reduce their safety, quality control, or pharmacological efficacy. Four mistletoe species, including Viscum coloratum, inhabit Korea. Leaves and branches of V.

Rapid and Simple Species Identification of Cicada Exuviae Using COI-Based SCAR Assay.

Cicadidae periostracum (CP), the medicinal name of cicada exuviae, is well-known insect-derived traditional medicine with various pharmacological effects, e.g., anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and anticancer effects; it is also beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Development of conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays to discriminate the origins of Chinese pepper oil and herbal materials from Zanthoxylum.

Background: To ensure the safety, quality and therapeutic efficacy of processed foods and herbal medicines, it is important to identify and discriminate economically motivated adulterants. Zanthoxylum schinifolium is sold at a higher price than other Zanthoxylum species and is frequently adulterated with closely related Zanthoxylum species because of its high demand as a Korean food ingredient and medicinal material in markets. In addition, the pericarps of three Zanthoxylum species (Z.

Authentication of the Herbal Medicine Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Using an ITS Sequence-Based Multiplex SCAR Assay.

The accurate identification of plant species is of great concern for the quality control of herbal medicines. The Korean Pharmacopoeia and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China define Angelicae Dahuricae Radix ( in Korean and in Chinese) as the dried roots of or var. belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Complete chloroplast genome of (Kom.) J. Compton.

Dried rhizomes of , used as a traditional Korean herbal medicine, are frequently adulterated with other plant species. For accurate species identification, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of using Illumina MiSeq. harbours a 159,578 bp chloroplast genome comprising a large single-copy region (88,770 bp), small single-copy region (18,070 bp) and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (IRa and IRb; each 26,519 bp).

Complete chloroplast genome of × Fisch. ex Link.

 ×  Fisch. ex Link is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we sequenced its complete chloroplast genome using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Establishment of a PCR Assay for the Detection and Discrimination of Authentic Cordyceps and Adulterant Species in Food and Herbal Medicines.

Accurate detection and differentiation of adulterants in food ingredients and herbal medicines are crucial for the safety and basic quality control of these products. is described as the only fungal source for the authentic medicinal ingredient used in the herbal medicine "Cordyceps", and two other fungal species, and , are the authentic fungal sources for food ingredients in Korea. However, substitution of these three species, and adulteration of herbal material and dietary supplements originating from or , seriously affects the safety and reduces the therapeutic efficacy of these products.

The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Six Species and Indel Marker Development for the Discrimination of Authentic Pharbitidis Semen (Seeds of or ).

L. is the largest genus within the Convolvulaceae and contains 600-700 species. species (morning glories) are economically valuable as horticultural species and scientifically valuable as ecological model plants to investigate mating systems, molecular evolution, and both plant-herbivore and plant-parasite interactions.

Authentication of Herbal Medicines and Using DNA Barcodes, Chloroplast Genome, and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker.

Dried roots of (Caprifoliaceae) are used as important traditional herbal medicines in Korea. However, the roots are often used as a mixture or contaminated with in Korean herbal markets. Furthermore, the dried roots of (Lamiaceae) are used indiscriminately with those of , with the confusing Korean names of Sok-Dan and Han-Sok-Dan for and , respectively.

The complete chloroplast genome of Engelm.

is a parasitic plant whose seeds are often mixed with the seeds of medicinal species. To facilitate the identification of seeds, we generated the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Engelm. using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

The complete chloroplast genome of Makino.

is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 148,518 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 93,977 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,607 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 18,467 bp each.