Arterial spin labelling: predictive role in surgical bleeding of paediatric optic pathway gliomas.

Aim: To analyse the performance of arterial spin labelling (ASL) in predicting surgical bleeding in a paediatric cohort of optic pathway glioma (OPG).

Materials And Methods: Preoperative ASL data were obtained for 51 OPG in 40 patients, aged from 9 months to 16 years. The relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the tumour areas with the highest CBF (maximum rCBF) was measured and then correlated with qualitative local bleeding (graded no, moderate, and major by the neurosurgeon) and quantitative global surgical bleeding (assessed in millilitres using haematocrit data).

Automated Assessment of T2-Weighted MRI to Differentiate Malignant and Benign Primary Solid Liver Lesions in Noncirrhotic Livers Using Radiomics.

Rationale And Objectives: Distinguishing malignant from benign liver lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important but often challenging task, especially in noncirrhotic livers. We developed and externally validated a radiomics model to quantitatively assess T2-weighted MRI to distinguish the most common malignant and benign primary solid liver lesions in noncirrhotic livers.

Materials And Methods: Data sets were retrospectively collected from three tertiary referral centers (A, B, and C) between 2002 and 2018.

Imaging of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke. Imaging is essential for diagnosis. Although digital subtraction angiography is still considered by many to be the gold standard, it no longer plays a significant role in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis.

"Triple low" free-breathing CTPA protocol for patients with dyspnoea.

Aim: To assess the performance of a "triple-low" free-breathing protocol for computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) evaluated on patients with dyspnoea and suspected pulmonary embolism and discuss its application in routine clinical practice for the study of the pulmonary parenchyma and vasculature.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted on a selected group of dyspnoeic patients referred for CTPA. The protocol was designed using fast free-breathing acquisition and a small, fixed volume (35 ml) of contrast agent in order to achieve a low-exposure dose.

MRI characteristics of intralabyrinthine schwannoma on post-contrast 4 h-delayed 3D-FLAIR imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the MRI characteristics of intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) on post contrast three-dimensional (3D) fluid-attenuation-inversion-recovery (FLAIR) images obtained four hours after intravenous administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent (4h-3D-FLAIR).

Materials And Methods: This IRB-approved retrospective multi-center study included patients presenting with typical ILS from January 2016 to October 2020. All medical charts were systematically collected.

Radiogenomics of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs): correlation of histological and biological characteristics with multimodal MRI features.

Objectives: The diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are now defined by the type of histone H3 mutated at lysine 27. We aimed to correlate the multimodal MRI features of DIPGs, H3K27M mutant, with their histological and molecular characteristics.

Methods: Twenty-seven treatment-naïve children with histopathologically confirmed DIPG H3K27M mutant were prospectively included.

Diagnostic accuracy of Quantitative Colour Doppler Flow imaging in distinguishing Persistent Fetal Vasculature from Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: Distinguishing posterior persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) from retinal detachment (RD) may be very challenging clinically and ultrasonographically, as they share common morphological features. However, it is crucial, considering their substantially distinct management and treatment. We aimed to assess the relevance of quantitative colour Doppler flow imaging to distinguish PFV from RD in children.

Focal Areas of High Signal Intensity in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Expected Evolution on MRI.

Background And Purpose: Focal areas of high signal intensity are T2WI/T2-FLAIR hyperintensities frequently found on MR imaging of children diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1, often thought to regress spontaneously during adolescence or puberty. Due to the risk of tumor in this population, some focal areas of high signal intensity may pose diagnostic problems. The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics and temporal evolution of focal areas of high signal intensity in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 using long-term follow-up with MR imaging.

Rapid diffusion-weighted MRI for the investigation of recurrent temporal bone cholesteatoma.

Background: Suspected cholesteatoma recurrence is commonly investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporal bone. Non-echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging (non-EP DWI) has become the sequence of choice.

Purpose: To assess the agreement between an MRI protocol incorporating both non-EP DWI and contrast-enhanced sequences, and a shortened protocol without contrast-enhanced sequences in the assessment of suspected cholesteatoma recurrence.

The accuracy of standard multiple sclerosis MRI brain sequences for the diagnosis of optic neuropathy.

Background: Detection of optic neuropathy on MRI has potential implications for the diagnosis and management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Objective: This study assessed the accuracy of T2 sagittal MRI brain for detection of optic neuropathy, compared to coronal STIR orbit.

Methods And Materials: Retrospective single-center blinded diagnostic accuracy study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent both T2 sagittal brain and coronal STIR orbit MRI.

Influence of pretreatment tumor growth rate on objective response of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization.

Background And Aim: The study aims to assess the influence of pretreatment tumor growth rate (TGR) on modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) objective response (OR) after a first session of selective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: One hundred fifteen patients (101 men [88%], mean 65.1 ± 10.

Unenhanced CT for clinical triage of elderly patients presenting to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader agreement of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) to those of contrast-enhanced CT for triage of patients older than 75years admitted to emergency department (ED) with acute abdominal pain (AAP).

Patients And Methods: Two hundred and eight consecutive patients presenting with AAP to the ED who underwent CT with unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images were retrospectively included. There were 90 men and 118 women with a mean age of 85.

Targeted and non-targeted liver biopsies carry the same risk of complication.

Objectives: To reappraise the rate of and risk factors for complications of targeted and non-targeted US-guided liver biopsy in a large series.

Methods: We analyzed 2405 liver biopsies performed in 2137 patients (58% males, mean age 54 ± 15 years old) between January 2010 and December 2015. Biopsies were performed for focal liver lesions characterization (targeted) or chronic liver disease assessment (non-targeted).

Iso- or hyperintensity of hepatocellular adenomas on hepatobiliary phase does not always correspond to hepatospecific contrast-agent uptake: importance for tumor subtyping.

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate if iso- or hyperintensity of HCAs on HBP is systematically related to a high uptake of hepatospecific contrast agent, using a quantitative approach.

Methods: This bicentric retrospective study included all patients with histologically confirmed and subtyped HCA from 2009 to 2017 who underwent MRI with HBP after Gd-BOPTA injection and who showed iso- or hyperintensity on HBP. The signal intensity of tumors on pre- and postcontrast images and the presence of hepatic steatosis were noted.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Imaging Modalities for Diagnosis and Prognosis.

As opposed to most solid cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) does not necessarily require histological confirmation. Noninvasive diagnosis is possible and relies on imaging. In cirrhotic patients, the diagnosis can be obtained in tumors displaying typical features that include non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement followed by washout during the portal venous and/or delayed phases on CT or MR imaging.

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: Eastern and Western perspectives.

Eastern and Western guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are known to significantly differ on many points, because they reflect different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this cancer. Importantly, these guidelines are primarily consensus-driven when it comes to surveillance, both in term of the tests used and surveillance program design. The main difference between East and West lies in clinical practice, as several Eastern countries implement coordinated and systematic surveillance programs, while most Western countries rely on individual adherence to surveillance recommendations.

Low specificity of washout to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma in nodules showing arterial hyperenhancement in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Background & Aims: It remains unclear whether the classic imaging criteria for the non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be applied to chronic vascular liver diseases, such as Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of washout for the discrimination between benign and malignant lesions in patients with BCS.

Methods: This retrospective study included all patients admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of BCS and focal lesions on MRI from 2000 to 2016.

Lessons learnt from pathologic imaging correlation in the liver: an historical perspective.

Imaging and pathology can be considered as two sides of the same diagnostic coin. Yet, pathology remains the gold-standard technique for the diagnosis of most diseases. Nevertheless, significant and constant progress in imaging has been made thanks to fruitful rad-path correlations.

Diagnostic Utility of Computed Tomographic Angiography in Giant-Cell Arteritis.

Background and Purpose- The diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is challenging. Superficial temporal artery biopsy and ultrasound are positive in only 50%. We evaluated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the head in GCA.

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance with ultrasound-cost-effectiveness, high-risk populations, uptake.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer and the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In most cases, it is diagnosed in patients with identified risk factors, mainly cirrhosis from all causes. These patients are candidates for a surveillance program that, depending on guidelines, involves regular liver ultrasound alone or combined with serum markers.

Acute mesenteric ischemia: A critical role for the radiologist.

Acute mesenteric ischemia is defined as an inadequate blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract resulting in ischemic and inflammatory injury that may progress to necrosis of the bowel wall. Prognosis is poor with a mortality rate greater than 95% without treatment, dropping to around 70% when surgical treatment is performed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has become the cornerstone of the diagnosis by showing features of vascular disorders (occlusion and/or insufficient blood supply) and features of intestinal ischemic injury.

MRI and multiple sclerosis--the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and management of MS: the radiologist's perspective.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an integral role in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS), from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. This 2-part review aims to detail the evolving and expanding role of MRI for both radiologists and neurologists. In this article, we discuss the diagnostic criteria for MS relevant to radiologists, as well as its varying imaging manifestations.