Endoscopic Mucosectomy: A Novel Technique for Management of Polypoidal Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome.

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon disorder often challenging to treat. Surgical treatment is associated with suboptimal outcomes and postoperative complications. Argon plasma coagulation helps control rectal bleeding and healing of ulcers, but more extended follow-up data are not available.

SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary human lung epithelium for COVID-19 modeling and drug discovery.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest respiratory pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although infection initiates in the proximal airways, severe and sometimes fatal symptoms of the disease are caused by infection of the alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells of the distal lung and associated inflammation. In this study, we develop primary human lung epithelial infection models to understand initial responses of proximal and distal lung epithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Reverse Plasticity Underlies Rapid Evolution by Clonal Selection within Populations of Fibroblasts Propagated on a Novel Soft Substrate.

Mechanical properties such as substrate stiffness are a ubiquitous feature of a cell's environment. Many types of animal cells exhibit canonical phenotypic plasticity when grown on substrates of differing stiffness, in vitro and in vivo. Whether such plasticity is a multivariate optimum due to hundreds of millions of years of animal evolution, or instead is a compromise between conflicting selective demands, is unknown.

Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional study.

The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes.

Using a Secure, Continually Updating, Web Source Processing Pipeline to Support the Real-Time Data Synthesis and Analysis of Scientific Literature: Development and Validation Study.

Background: The scale and quality of the global scientific response to the COVID-19 pandemic have unquestionably saved lives. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has also triggered an unprecedented "infodemic"; the velocity and volume of data production have overwhelmed many key stakeholders such as clinicians and policy makers, as they have been unable to process structured and unstructured data for evidence-based decision making. Solutions that aim to alleviate this data synthesis-related challenge are unable to capture heterogeneous web data in real time for the production of concomitant answers and are not based on the high-quality information in responses to a free-text query.

Socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress among older adults in India: a decomposition analysis.

Background: Older people coming from a lower wealth gradient are more vulnerable to have stressful life events further adding more risk for common mental health disorders and psychological distress situations. The present study explores the associations between socioeconomic and health-related variables and psychological distress among older adults in India and the contribution of such factors to the inequalities in psychological distress.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 9181 older adults conducted as 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India' was assessed.

A New Compound for Sequential Sensing of Picric Acid and Aliphatic Amines: Physicochemical Details and Construction of Molecular Logic Gates.

Picric acid (PA) at low concentration is a serious water pollutant. Alongside, aliphatic amines (AAs) add to the queue to pollute surface water. Plenty of reports are available to sense PA with an ultralow limit of detection (LOD).

Antiviral drug screen identifies DNA-damage response inhibitor as potent blocker of SARS-CoV-2 replication.

SARS-CoV-2 has currently precipitated the COVID-19 global health crisis. We developed a medium-throughput drug-screening system and identified a small-molecule library of 34 of 430 protein kinase inhibitors that were capable of inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect in human epithelial cells. These drug inhibitors are in various stages of clinical trials.

SARS-CoV-2 infection rewires host cell metabolism and is potentially susceptible to mTORC1 inhibition.

Viruses hijack host cell metabolism to acquire the building blocks required for replication. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 alters host cell metabolism may lead to potential treatments for COVID-19. Here we profile metabolic changes conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney epithelial cells and lung air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures, and show that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases glucose carbon entry into the TCA cycle via increased pyruvate carboxylase expression.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of COVID-19 Severity and Progression to Critical Illness Using CT Imaging and Clinical Data.

Objective: To develop a machine learning (ML) pipeline based on radiomics to predict Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and the future deterioration to critical illness using CT and clinical variables.

Materials And Methods: Clinical data were collected from 981 patients from a multi-institutional international cohort with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19. Radiomics features were extracted from chest CT of the patients.

C-Phycocyanin-a novel protein from - toxicity, antioxidant and immunomodulatory studies.

A pigment-protein highly dominant in Spirulina is known as C-Phycocyanin. Earlier, studies has shown that C-phycocyanin is having many biological activities like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antiplatelet, hepatoprotective, and cholesterol-lowering properties. Interestingly, there are scanty experimental findings on the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of C-phycocyanin.

Prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients during radiotherapy: A rural Indian perspective.

Objective: This cross-sectional, quantitative epidemiological study was aimed at finding the prevalence of depression in cancer patients and correlation of anxiety and depression with various factors such as age, sex, and type of malignancy while coming for treatment to the radiotherapy department of a tertiary cancer hospital, at the onset, midway, and at the end of radiotherapy treatment using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 consecutive cancer patients referred for definitive radiotherapy were included. All patients were administered the HADS.

Photosensitization Dynamics of Stable Copper Nanoclusters inside the Aqueous Core of Reverse Micelles with Different Pool Sizes.

The perennial problem of instability of fluorescent copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs), stemming principally from aerial oxidation, has prevented their vivid usage in energy harvesting compared to the other metal NCs. However, replacement of the much expensive metal NCs with the cheaper Cu NCs is desirable if the functions are met with. Although thiolate protection of Cu NCs could bring some stability to them, appreciably decentlystable Cu NCs were produced inside the aqueous core of reverse micelles (RMs).

Imperforate hymen mimicking acute appendicitis in an adolescent woman: a rare presentation.

Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital malformation of the female genital tract. The condition poses several diagnostic challenges owing to its low incidence and often atypical presentation. Classical symptoms include amenorrhoea and cyclical abdominal pain.

Tumescent local anesthesia versus general anesthesia for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation.

Background: Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is an effective alternative to transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. General anesthesia (GA) is considered the standard sedation approach because of the pain caused by the manipulation of subcutaneous tissue with S-ICD implantation. However, GA carries several limitations, including additional risk of adverse events, prolonged in-room times, and increased costs.

Long-term cerebrovascular outcomes after bariatric surgery: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: The proinflammatory state and metabolic changes associated with obesity contribute to cerebrovascular disease. Bariatric surgery can achieve a reliable reduction in body weight and improved metabolic profile in obese patients. However, its impact on cerebrovascular morbidity remains unexplored.

Investigating the Ethical and Data Governance Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Protocol for a Delphi Study.

Background: The rapid uptake of digital technology into the operating room has the potential to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency of the use of operating rooms, and allow surgeons to progress quickly up learning curves. These technologies are, however, dependent on huge amounts of data, and the consequences of their mismanagement are significant. While the field of artificial intelligence ethics is able to provide a broad framework for those designing and implementing these technologies into the operating room, there is a need to determine and address the ethical and data governance challenges of using digital technology in this unique environment.

Who will benefit from bariatric surgery for diabetes? A protocol for an observational cohort study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are pandemic diseases that lead to a great deal of morbidity and mortality. The most effective treatment for obesity and T2DM is bariatric or metabolic surgery; it can lead to long-term diabetes remission with 4 in 10 of those undergoing surgery having normal blood glucose on no medication 1 year postoperatively. However, surgery carries risks and, additionally, due to resource limitations, there is a restricted number of patients who can access this treatment.

The Complex Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Depression: a National Nested-Control Study.

Background: Although bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce weight loss and obesity-related conditions, an improvement in depression remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether bariatric surgery is associated with a resolution of depression, and the prevention of its onset.

Method: Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m who had undergone bariatric surgery were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), matched 5:1 to controls.

Ranking the Efficiency of Gas Hydrate Anti-agglomerants through Molecular Dynamic Simulations.

Using both computational and experimental methods, the capacity of four different surfactant molecules to inhibit the agglomeration of sII hydrate particles was assessed. The computational simulations were carried out using both steered and non-steered molecular dynamics (MD), simulating the coalescence process of a hydrate slab and a water droplet, both covered with surfactant molecules. The surfactants were ranked according to free energy calculations (steered MD) and the number of agglomeration events (non-steered MD).