Enhancing safe medication use in home care: insights from informal caregivers.

Objectives: To investigate the factors influencing medication errors made by informal caregivers while providing care at home.

Methods: A cross-sectional study based on an online survey, which included both structured and open-ended questions, was conducted in Spain. The survey comprised 49 questions to collect self-reported avoidable medication errors made by caregivers at home.

A Descriptive Review of the Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Berberine and Silymarin.

Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and liver disorders. Antioxidant therapies that target oxidative damage show significant promise in preventing and treating these conditions. Berberine, an alkaloid derived from various plants in the family, enhances cellular defenses against oxidative stress through several mechanisms.

Pharmacogenetics May Prevent Psychotropic Adverse Events in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Observational Pilot Study.

Introduction: Up to 73% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) currently have prescriptions for psychotropic drugs. This is explained by a higher prevalence of medical and psychiatric chronic comorbidities, which favors polypharmacy, increasing the probability of the appearance of adverse events (AEs). These could be a preventable cause of harm to patients with ASD and an unnecessary waste of healthcare resources.

Safe Care and Medication Intake Provided by Caregivers at Home: Reality Care Study Protocol.

Justification: Providing care to patients with several conditions and simultaneously taking several medications at home is inexorably growing in developed countries. This trend increases the chances of home caregivers experiencing diverse errors related with medication or care.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of four different educational solutions compared to the natural intervention (absence of intervention) to provide a safer care at home by caregivers.

Genotype and Pharmacovigilance Impact on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Naturalistic Study with Extreme Phenotype Analysis.

The long-term use of psychopharmacology medications in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hitherto remains controversial due to a lack of evidence about safety and tolerability. In this regard, genotyping the metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 , especially its extreme phenotypes, could help to prevent drug-related adverse reactions or adverse events (AEs). There are several medications warranting screening that are consumed by people with ASD, such as risperidone and aripiprazole to name a few.

Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on opioid use disorder deprescription: an observational prospective study in chronic pain with sex-differences.

Opioid deprescription is the process of supervised tapering and safe withdrawal when a potentially inappropriate use is detected. This represents a challenge in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) patients who may respond differently to the procedure. Our aim was to analyze the potential impact of CYP2D6 phenotypes and sex on the clinical and safety outcomes during an opioid use disorder (OUD) tapering process.

Self-Reported Medication Adherence Measured with Morisky Scales in Rare Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The visibility of Rare Diseases is a new challenge for society. These diseases are numerous, heterogeneous in nature and distribution, characterized by a high mortality rate but low prevalence, and usually presenting a severe evolution. Adherence to medication studies in rare diseases are uncommon, due to treatment scarcity.

Antioxidant Activity in Extracts from Family: Cardamom, Turmeric, and Ginger.

An increase in life expectancy leads to a greater impact of chronic non-communicable diseases. This is even more remarkable in elder populations, to whom these become main determinants of health status, affecting mental and physical health, quality of life, and autonomy. Disease appearance is closely related to the levels of cellular oxidation, pointing out the importance of including foods in one's diet that can prevent oxidative stress.

Therapeutic alliance impact on analgesic outcomes in a real-world clinical setting: An observational study.

A good therapeutic alliance is relevant for healthcare providers exposed to patients' suffering, especially since patients and physicians may understand the painful experience differently. Our aim was to explore the impact of therapeutic alliance on analgesic outcomes in a real-world interdisciplinary pain unit (PU). A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on outpatients ( = 69) using opioids on a long-term basis for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain, where clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists advised patients about their opioid treatment.

Study of the Drivers of Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacy: Request for Antibiotics Without a Prescription, Degree of Adherence to Treatment and Correct Recycling of Leftover Treatment.

Introduction: The WHO considered antibiotic resistance as 1 of the 10 greatest threats to global health in 2019. The inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics, together with the lack of new therapeutic alternatives, may eradicate their effectiveness in the closest future.

Objective: The general objective is to analyze the different causes attributable to patients, providers and pharmacists that could be drivers of irrational use of antibiotics, and responsible for the appearance of bacterial resistance, in community pharmacies.

Effect of Ginger on Inflammatory Diseases.

Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and lupus erythematosus are some of common inflammatory diseases. These affections are highly disabling and share signals such as inflammatory sequences and immune dysregulation. The use of foods with anti-inflammatory properties such as ginger () could improve the quality of life of these patients.

Sex Differences in Oxycodone/Naloxone vs. Tapentadol in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: An Observational Real-World Study.

Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of translation to real-world pain management. Our aim was to analyse the sex differences in the analgesic response to oxycodone/naloxone (OXN) and tapentadol (TAP), in comparison with other opioids (OPO) commonly prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on ambulatory CNCP patients (n = 571).

CYP2D6 phenotypes and opioid metabolism: the path to personalized analgesia.

Introduction: Opioids play a fundamental role in chronic pain, especially considering when 1 of 5 Europeans adults, even more in older females, suffer from it. However, half of them do not reach an adequate pain relief. Could pharmacogenomics help to choose the most appropriate analgesic drug?

Areas Covered: The objective of the present narrative review was to assess the influence of cytochrome () phenotypes on pain relief, analgesic tolerability, and potential opioid misuse.

The challenge of detecting adverse events in adults with autism spectrum disorder who have intellectual disability.

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated intellectual disability (ID) take a high number of different psychotropic drugs simultaneously. Nowadays, little is known about this multidrug pattern efficacy and safety. The present study has endeavored to fill this gap creating a local pharmacovigilance system.

Introducing sexual dysfunction in mental care.

: People with any psychiatric disorder tend to have difficulties in responding sexually. However,exual dysfunction (SD) is usually under-recognized, even the tightly hormonal and neuronal common connexions through the brain-sex axis. Multiple sources of resistance to SD assessment and intervention persist.

[Erectile dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease and the potential influence of genetic markers].

Introduction: The association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well known, the latter being an early independent risk factor that can appear up to 5 years before the onset of cardiovascular symptoms. The enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) could be implicated in its pathophysiology as an endogenous vasodilator. Our objective was to analyse the influence of variants of the eNOS gene, in the response to treatment of ED, in patients with CVD.

Multimorbidity and psychotropic polypharmacy among participants with autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability.

Nowadays, adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience several comorbidities whose treatment implies a wide range of psychotropic prescriptions. This study aimed to evaluate medication-related safety, drug-drug interactions, and psychotropics prescription trends. We conducted an observational and multicentric pharmacovigilance study in subjects with ASD and Intellectual disability (ID, n = 83).

Personality and psychiatric disorders in chronic pain male affected by erectile dysfunction: prospective and observational study.

The prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) and sexual dysfunction in chronic pain patients is higher than in general population. Our main objective was to analyse the influence of PD in patients with erectile dysfunction and chronic non-cancer pain and their response to andrological treatment. One-hundred one patients were included along 30 months.

Sex Bias and Genotype Influence on Opioid Safety Profile in Chronic Low Back Pain.

Objectives: The use of opioids to relieve pain is a challenge because of the high variability in dose requirements and tolerance profiles. Among potential modulators are the individual's genetic background and being female. Our aim was to evaluate sex bias and genotype-related influence on opioid titration safety, in chronic low back pain (CLBP), the most frequent chronic noncancer pain.

Gender based differences, pharmacogenetics and adverse events in chronic pain management.

Safety data in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) with long-term opioid therapy has been poorly studied and can be differently influenced by gender. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics (PGx) could possibly be used to tailor pain medication based on the individual's genetic background. The aim was to assess whether PGx applied to a pharmacovigilance system could help to improve a patient's security profile.

Evaluation of agomelatine for the treatment of sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and co-morbid intellectual disability.

Purpose: Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are common, co-occurring developmental disorders and are frequently associated with sleep problems. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of agomelatine as a pharmacotherapy for sleep problems in ASD adults with ID.

Method: A randomised, crossover, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, with two three-month periods of treatment starting with either agomelatine or placebo and a washout period of two weeks.

Genetic Contribution in Low Back Pain: A Prospective Genetic Association Study.

Objectives: Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons individuals seek medical attention. It is a major issue because of the wide interindividual variability in the analgesic response. This might be partly explained by the presence of variants in genes encoding molecules involved in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and erectile dysfunction in chronic pain.

Objectives: To investigate whether T786C, 4VNTR and G894 T gene polymorphisms could mediate in andrological treatment response in Spaniards.

Subject Patients/methods: The study participants were Spaniard males with erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic pain ( = 105) recruited at the Pain Unit. polymorphisms were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using Taqman specific probes.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and erectile dysfunction in chronic pain.

Objectives: To investigate whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T786C, 4VNTR and G894 T gene polymorphisms could mediate in andrological treatment response in Spaniards.

Subject Patients/methods: The study participants were Spaniard males with erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic pain (n = 105) recruited at the Pain Unit. eNOS polymorphisms were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using Taqman specific probes.