Parental attitudes regarding pediatric dentists' counseling on tobacco use: a survey of five private practices.

Purpose: To evaluate parental acceptance of provision of tobacco cessation and prevention education to children and parents by private practice pediatric dentists.

Methods: Receptionists gave confidential questionnaires to parents of child dental patients in five private pediatric dentistry practices. Demographic information and questions about dentist interventions were asked, with the most intrusive questions concerning parental tobacco use.

The effects of beverages on plaque acidogenicity after a sugary challenge.

Background: Caries prevention traditionally has emphasized the restriction of cariogenic foods and beverages, but it has placed less emphasis on how the choice, combination and sequence of consumed foods and beverages may help reduce plaque acidogenicity. The authors conducted a study to examine whether whole milk, 100 percent apple juice or tap water affect dental plaque acidity in people after a sugary challenge.

Methods: Twenty adults participated in a randomized controlled crossover study.

An association of premature loss of primary maxillary incisors with speech production of bilingual children.

Purpose: Early childhood caries is prevalent in the United States, especially among Hispanic children. One consequence may be premature loss of primary teeth, raising concern about developmental challenges. This study examined speech sound articulation errors association with premature loss of the primary maxillary incisors of bilingual children (Spanish/English).

Oral intubation in premature infants with and without stabilizing devices.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of palatal stabilizing devices (PSDs) on accidental extubations (AEs) and other intubation complications in infants with breathing tubes at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a university hospital. PSDs are individually crafted acrylic oral devices for stabilizing breathing tubes in neonates.

Methods: Charts of all first admission NICU neonates weighing less than 1,500 g were reviewed (N =733); 548 were intubated and had information available on birth weight, gender, transfer status, gestational age, length of admission, ventilator type, sedation, dates of intubations and extubations, number of accidental extubations, dates of PSD placement, and complications.

Survey of oral health knowledge and behavior of pregnant minority adolescents.

Purpose: This study's purpose was to compare dental visits and oral health knowledge of African American (AA) and Hispanic American (HA) pregnant adolescents in a community health clinic.

Methods: Demographics, oral health knowledge, oral hygiene, and dental visits during pregnoncy were surveyed by anonymous questionnaire to adolescents who were pregnant at the time of the study or within the last year.

Results: Responses from 50 AA and 61 HA adolescents between 12 and 20 years old were analyzed.

A model for selection and assessment of community-based sites for dental students' extramural clinical experiences.

As a recipient of the Robert Wood Johnson's Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental Education grant, the Extramural Education Program (EEP) at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry was charged with developing partnerships with community-based oral health programs throughout Illinois. These programs are to be used for clinical service-learning rotations for fourth-year dental students, relying on the utilization of the dentists employed at the community site as preceptors for the students. Because the College of Dentistry had essentially no community-based service-learning experiences prior to the Robert Wood Johnson grant, procedures and protocols needed to be developed to standardize a process for site and preceptor selection.

Pediatric oral health knowledge of African American and Hispanic of Mexican origin expectant mothers.

Purpose: This study assessed the impact of a lecture on children's oral health knowledge of pregnant women from vulnerable African American (AA) and Hispanic of Mexican origin (HM) populations utilizing the same urban community health center prenatal education program.

Methods: Participants heard one 45-minute lecture in English or Spanish on children's oral health, and completed a survey (English or Spanish) before and after the lecture.

Results: Seven sessions provided 60 participants: (a) 30 AA; and (b) 30 HM.

Curriculum restructuring at a North American dental school: rationale for change.

The purpose of this article is to discuss how traditional dental school curricula are inconsistent with research in how learners learn. In the last ten years, there has been considerable discussion about the need for dental education reform, and innovative changes have occurred in the curricula of a number of U.S.

Covariates of tooth-brushing frequency in low-income African Americans from grades 5 to 8.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine tooth-brushing frequency in 575 urban and nearby suburban African American children as part of a comprehensive risk-reduction study for students at high risk for violence, drugs, school delinquency, and unsafe sexual behaviors to determine which covariates predicted tooth-brushing frequency.

Methods: Students were surveyed 5 times, from the beginning of grade 5 and the end of each year through grade 8, and parents were surveyed at the beginning of grade 5. Peer influence, importance of being liked, self-esteem, attitudes towards tooth-brushing, oral health knowledge, self-efficacy, parental attitudes, and other covariates were examined for the ability to predict self-reporting of tooth-brushing frequency.

Dental and medical students' knowledge and opinions of infant oral health.

Primary care providers' involvement with and perceptions of the epidemic of early childhood caries could be related to attitudes and knowledge of the disease as well as to differences in discipline-based recommendations. A cross-sectional survey of demographics, opinions on infant oral health care visits and importance of infant oral health care, knowledge of tooth eruption, and knowledge of health care guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) was administered by several methods to first- and fourth-year dental and medical students at two University of Illinois campuses. Some expected variations were found among dental and medical students pertaining to perceptions and knowledge of infant oral health.

Bispectral index system (BIS) monitoring reduces time to extubation and discharge in children requiring oral presedation and general anesthesia for outpatient dental rehabilitation.

Purpose: Pediatric oral rehabilitation patients who receive presedation with oral Versed and general anesthesia (GA) occasionally experience prolonged sedation and delayed discharge. The Bispectral Index System (BIS) is an EEG monitor that measures the anesthesia level. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of monitoring the BIS to not monitoring the BIS on time from discontinuation of GA to extubation and to discharge.

Toothbrushing patterns over time in at-risk metropolitan African-American 5th- 8th graders.

Objectives: A large study of risky pre-teen behavior provided an opportunity to examine self-reported toothbrushing frequency for stability over time and adequacy.

Methods: 1115 metropolitan African-American children at risk for violence and drug use self-reported toothbrushing frequency in at least one of five measurement points from 5th to 8th grade as part of a larger study. Longitudinal data were available for 815 students.

Nasal versus oral midazolam sedation for pediatric dental patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare intranasal (IN) and oral (PO) midazolam for effect on behavior, time of onset, maximum working time, efficacy, and safety for patients requiring dental care.

Methods: Forty anxious subjects (20 IN, 20 PO, Frankl Scale 3 and 4, ages 2-6 years, ASA I and II) were sedated randomly with either IN (0.3 mg/kg) or PO (0.

Bispectral Index System (BIS) monitoring reduces time to discharge in children requiring intramuscular sedation and general anesthesia for outpatient dental rehabilitation.

Purpose: Pediatric patients who receive both intramuscular (i.m.) sedation and general anesthesia (GA) for oral rehabilitation occasionally experience prolonged sedation and delayed discharge.

Use of the Pala-nate device in the prevention of palatal grooves in premature, intubated infants.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies demonstrated that the use of a custom-made intraoral acrylic appliance, known as a palatal stabilizing device, prevents palatal groove formation and reduces the frequency rate of accidental extubations in premature, intubated babies. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of a prefabricated palatal device with an acrylic custom-made palatal stabilizing device. Specifically, we compared the stability, fit, and retention of these two devices.

Glass ionomer microleakage from preparations by an Er/YAG laser or a high-speed handpiece.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare microleakage of glass ionomer materials (GIC) using two different modes of cavity preparation: a high-speed hand piece and an erbium/yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er/YAG) laser.

Methods: Eighty caries free permanent molar teeth had class V preparations cut on both the buccal and lingual surfaces. The high-speed hand piece was used to prepare a class V cavity preparation on the buccal surface and an Er/YAG laser was used to prepare a class V cavity preparation on the lingual surface.

Sealant bond strengths of CO(2) laser-etched versus acid-etched bovine enamel.

Background And Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate sealant shear bond strength on bovine enamel with standard acid etching compared with CO(2) laser etching.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Bovine enamel was prepared either by acid or laser etching and divided into four experimental groups, either acid or laser-etched teeth with or without a primer. A gelatin capsule was used to place the sealant on the prepared enamel surface and the bond tested in shear.

Bond strength of Bis-GMA and glass ionomer pit and fissure sealants using cyclic fatigue.

The aim of the study was to determine the bond strength of glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer sealants compared to Bis-GMA sealants using both static and cyclic fatigue shear testing. Four materials were evaluated: D, a Bis-GMA sealant with 10% phosphoric acid etchant; FC, a resin-modified glass ionomer sealant with 20% polyacrylic acid etchant; FD, a resin-modified glass ionomer sealant with 10% polyacrylic acid etchant; and FSC, a self-cured glass ionomer sealant with no etchant. Gelatin capsules filled with the sealant material were bonded to the enamel surfaces of bovine teeth after appropriate surface conditioning and then tested in shear static and cyclic fatigue.

Mechanics and energetics of nutritive sucking: a functional comparison of commercially available nipples.

The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanics of sucking for 48 term infants with four different nipple units: Gerber Newborn (Gerber Products Company, Fremont, Mich.), Playtex (Playtex Products, Westport, Conn.), Evenflo (Evenflo Products Co.

Restorative dentistry--a material issue. Interview by Rick Asa.

Recent technological advances in materials have changed the face of restorative dentistry. But, as these experts note, some things remain the same.