Effect of Adopting a Gluten-Free Diet on Exposure to Arsenic and Other Heavy Metals in Children With Celiac Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the primary treatment of celiac disease (CeD), a gluten-driven enteropathy. Concerns have been raised about increased exposure to arsenic from a GFD because rice, which naturally bioaccumulates arsenic, is commonly used as a substitute for gluten-containing grains such as wheat. We hypothesize that arsenic exposure increases in newly diagnosed children with CeD after they adopt a GFD.

Proteomic Insights into Trichome Responses to Elevated Elemental Stress in Cation Exchanger (CAX) Mutants.

Research on elemental distribution in plants is crucial for understanding nutrient uptake, environmental adaptation and optimizing agricultural practices for sustainable food production. Plant trichomes, with their self-contained structures and easy accessibility, offer a robust model system for investigating elemental repartitioning. Transport proteins, such as the four functional cation exchangers (CAXs) in Arabidopsis, are low-affinity, high-capacity transporters primarily located on the vacuole.

Manganese transporter SLC30A10 and iron transporters SLC40A1 and SLC11A2 impact dietary manganese absorption.

SLC30A10 deficiency is a disease of severe manganese excess attributed to loss of SLC30A10-dependent manganese excretion via the gastrointestinal tract. Patients develop dystonia, cirrhosis, and polycythemia. They are treated with chelators but also respond to oral iron, suggesting that iron can outcompete manganese for absorption in this disease.

Deciduous teeth from the New Hampshire birth cohort study: Early life environmental and dietary predictors of dentin elements.

Background: Sparse research exists on predictors of element concentrations measured in deciduous teeth.

Objective: To estimate associations between maternal/child characteristics, elements measured in home tap water during pregnancy and element concentrations in the dentin of shed deciduous teeth.

Methods: Our analysis included 152 pregnant person-infant dyads followed from the second trimester through the end of the first postnatal year from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Integrative Co-Registration of Elemental Imaging and Histopathology for Enhanced Spatial Multimodal Analysis of Tissue Sections through TRACE.

Summary: Elemental imaging provides detailed profiling of metal bioaccumulation, offering more precision than bulk analysis by targeting specific tissue areas. However, accurately identifying comparable tissue regions from elemental maps is challenging, requiring the integration of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides for effective comparison. Facilitating the streamlined co-registration of Whole Slide Images (WSI) and elemental maps, TRACE enhances the analysis of tissue regions and elemental abundance in various pathological conditions.

Lead exposure across the life course and age at death.

Background: Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, even at low levels. Little is known about how the timing of Pb exposure throughout life may influence these relationships. Quantifying the amount of Pb present in various tissues of the body provides measurements of exposure from different periods of life.

Quantified retrospective biomonitoring of fetal and infant elemental exposure using LA-ICP-MS analysis of deciduous dentin in three contrasting human cohorts.

Background: Spatial elemental analysis of deciduous tooth dentin combined with odontochronological estimates can provide an early life (in utero to ~2 years of age) history of inorganic element exposure and status.

Objective: To demonstrate the importance of data normalization to a certified reference material to enable between-study comparisons, using populations with assumed contrasting elemental exposures.

Methods: We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of dentin to derive a history of elemental composition from three distinct cohort studies: a present day rural cohort, (the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; N = 154)), an historical cohort from an urban area (1958-1970), (the St.

Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic and essential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula.

Background: Early-life exposure to nonessential (toxic) and essential trace elements can influence child development. Although infant formula powders and the water used to reconstitute them can contain higher concentrations of many elements compared with human milk, the influence of feeding mode on reliable biomarkers of infant exposure has rarely been demonstrated.

Methods: We evaluated associations between urinary biomarkers and feeding mode (exclusively human milk, exclusively formula, or combination-fed) for four toxic (arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and uranium) and three essential elements (cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium) using general linear models.

Oxidation of hemoglobin in the lung parenchyma facilitates the differentiation of pneumococci into encapsulated bacteria.

Unlabelled: Pneumococcal pneumonia causes cytotoxicity in the lung parenchyma but the underlying mechanism involves multiple factors contributing to cell death. Here, we discovered that hydrogen peroxide produced by (Spn-H O ) plays a pivotal role by oxidizing hemoglobin, leading to its polymerization and subsequent release of labile heme. At physiologically relevant levels, heme selected a population of encapsulated pneumococci.

Sequential removal of cation/H exchangers reveals their additive role in elemental distribution, calcium depletion and anoxia tolerance.

Multiple Arabidopsis H /Cation exchangers (CAXs) participate in high-capacity transport into the vacuole. Previous studies have analysed single and double mutants that marginally reduced transport; however, assessing phenotypes caused by transport loss has proven enigmatic. Here, we generated quadruple mutants (cax1-4: qKO) that exhibited growth inhibition, an 85% reduction in tonoplast-localised H /Ca transport, and enhanced tolerance to anoxic conditions compared to CAX1 mutants.

Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants' First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Even the low levels of non-essential elements exposure common in the US may have health consequences especially early in life. However, little is known about the infant's dynamic exposure to essential and non-essential elements. This study aims to evaluate exposure to essential and non-essential elements during infants' first year of life and to explore the association between the exposure and rice consumption.

Molecular MRI quantification of extracellular aldehyde pairs for early detection of liver fibrogenesis and response to treatment.

Liver fibrosis plays a critical role in the evolution of most chronic liver diseases and is characterized by a buildup of extracellular matrix, which can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, or death. Now, there are no noninvasive methods available to accurately assess disease activity (fibrogenesis) to sensitively detect early onset of fibrosis or to detect early response to treatment. Here, we hypothesized that extracellular allysine aldehyde (Lys) pairs formed by collagen oxidation during active fibrosis could be a target for assessing fibrogenesis with a molecular probe.

Infant infections, respiratory symptoms, and allergy in relation to timing of rice cereal introduction in a United States cohort.

Rice products marketed in the USA, including baby rice cereal, contain inorganic arsenic, a putative immunotoxin. We sought to determine whether the timing of introduction of rice cereal in the first year of life influences occurrence of infections, respiratory symptoms, and allergy. Among 572 infants from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, we used generalized estimating equation, adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, marital status, education attainment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal age at enrollment, infant birth weight, and breastfeeding history.

Distribution and accumulation of mercury in pot-grown African rice cultivars (Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza sativa L.) determined via LA-ICP-MS.

There is limited information concerning the distribution of mercury in rice, particularly in African rice. The objective was to compare the distribution of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian rice (O.

Redundant roles of four ZIP family members in zinc homeostasis and seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Zinc (Zn) is essential for normal plant growth and development. The Zn-regulated transporter, iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein (ZIP) family members are involved in Zn transport and cellular Zn homeostasis throughout the domains of life. In this study, we have characterized four ZIP transporters from Arabidopsis thaliana (IRT3, ZIP4, ZIP6, and ZIP9) to better understand their functional roles.

Functional overlap of two major facilitator superfamily transporter, ZIF1, and ZIFL1 in zinc and iron homeostasis.

Zinc and iron are essential micronutrients for plant growth, and their homeostasis must be tightly regulated. Previously, it has been shown that Zinc-Induced Facilitator 1 (ZIF1) is involved in basal Zn tolerance by controlling the vacuolar storage of nicotianamine (NA). However, knowledge of the functional roles of two ZIF1 paralogs, ZIF-LIKE1 (ZIFL1) and ZIFL2, in metal homeostasis remains limited.

Arabidopsis thaliana zinc accumulation in leaf trichomes is correlated with zinc concentration in leaves.

Zinc (Zn) is a key micronutrient for plants and animals, and understanding Zn homeostasis in plants can improve both agriculture and human health. While root Zn transporters in plant model species have been characterized in detail, comparatively little is known about shoot processes controlling Zn concentrations and spatial distribution. Previous work showed that Zn hyperaccumulator species such as Arabidopsis halleri accumulate Zn and other metals in leaf trichomes.

Prediction of an outcome using NETwork Clusters (NET-C).

Birth weight is a key consequence of environmental exposures and metabolic alterations and can influence lifelong health. While a number of methods have been used to examine associations of trace element (including essential nutrients and toxic metals) concentrations or metabolite concentrations with a health outcome, birth weight, studies evaluating how the coexistence of these factors impacts birth weight are extremely limited. Here, we present a novel algorithm NETwork Clusters (NET-C), to improve the prediction of outcome by considering the interactions of features in the network and then apply this method to predict birth weight by jointly modelling trace element and cord blood metabolite data.

Arsenic exposure in relation to apple consumption among infants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Infants and young children commonly consume apple-based products, which may contain high concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs). As yet, iAs exposure from ingesting apple products has not been well-characterized in early childhood. Therefore, we investigated the association between urinary arsenic concentrations and intake of apple products in one-year-old infants participating in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Periconceptional and prenatal exposure to metal mixtures in relation to behavioral development at 3 years of age.

Background: Behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to mixtures of essential and toxic metals are incompletely understood.

Methods: We investigated neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal metal exposures in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective birth cohort. We measured metals (As, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn) in maternal prenatal and postnatal toenails and infant toenails, reflecting exposures during periconception and early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, and late pregnancy and early neonatal life, respectively.

Selenium-associated DNA methylation modifications in placenta and neurobehavioral development of newborns: An epigenome-wide study of two U.S. birth cohorts.

Background/aim: Selenium (Se) levels in pregnancy have been linked to neurobehavioral development of the offspring. DNA methylation is a potential mechanism underlying the impacts of environmental exposures on fetal development; however, very few studies have been done elucidating the role of DNA methylation linking prenatal Se and child neurobehavior. We aimed to investigate the associations between placental Se concentration and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in two U.