Reliability of ameloglyphics in forensic identification: a systematic review.

Background: Teeth are considered as hard tissue analogue to fingerprints, being unique to an individual. The enamel which forms the outer layer of the tooth is formed through a highly dynamic process in which ameloblasts lay down enamel rods in an undulating and intertwining path, which is reflected as a series of enamel rod pattern. The study of these patterns is termed as "Ameloglyphics".

QuPath for automated analysis of digital images of oral epithelial dysplasia.

Objectives: Grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) has been plagued with intra-observer and inter-observer variations. To overcome this subjectivity, a more objective digital image analysis is obligatory using computer-aided software. The use of open-source software like QuPath, which is a new bio-image evaluation software program, may fulfil this growing need in virtual pathology.

Characterization of stromal calcifications in odontogenic keratocyst: a multicentric study.

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are locally aggressive cysts that exhibit typical histopathological features and have a propensity for recurrence. Though histological variations are observed in OKCs, hard tissue formation and metaplastic changes are rare, and the underlying pathogenesis is not well understood. This study aimed to characterize stromal calcifications and analyze their association with odontogenic components in non-syndromic and syndrome-associated cases of OKCs.

Tumor budding is a prognostic marker for overall survival and not for lymph node metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Systematic Review Update and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Tumor budding (TB) has shown promising results as a prognostic marker in several cancers such as colorectal carcinoma, breast carcinoma etc. It has been co-related to aggressiveness of the tumor and can also predict the metastasis to the lymph nodes. This systematic review evaluates the prognostic potential of TB in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in OSCC.

Enhanced ZEB 1 stromal expression is a marker for epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis.

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis is a progressive oral mucosal condition that is characterized by inflammation and persistent fibrosis. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition is a crucial molecular event that contributes to tumor progression and fibrosis, with ZEB 1 and its effect on E-cadherin expression being key molecules in the process. Thera are no tissue level studies of these molecules in oral submucous fibrosis.

Fine needle aspiration cytology for two cases of ameloblastoma-Key highlights and diagnostic features.

Objective: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable, noninvasive technique for head and neck pathology diagnosis. The objective of case images was to highlight the utility of FNAC for diagnosing suspected cases of ameloblastoma.

Method: FNAC smears of suspected cases of ameloblastoma were evaluated using their cellular and stromal features.

Association of orofacial dysfunction and sleep disordered breathing among Indian primary school children.

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) ranges from partial obstruction of the upper airway resulting in snoring to total upper airway obstruction leading to obstructive sleep apnea. The impairment in the dynamics of the stomatognathic system is termed as orofacial dysfunction. This study investigates the prevalence of orofacial dysfunction and sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children and identifies their correlation.

Role of programmed cell death 4 in myofibroblast differentiation in oral submucous fibrosis.

Background: Fibrosis is an uncontrolled healing process, led by persistent differentiation of fibroblast to alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) positive activated fibroblast or myofibroblast. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is one such condition that is associated with areca nut use. Recently, Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4), a pro-apoptotic marker, has been shown to modulate fibroblast differentiation in various organ fibrosis.

Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinomas, surgical margins, and verrucous carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study.

Background And Aim: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are among the key tumor microenvironment components that determine tumor invasion, progression, and resistance to cancer therapeutics. Histologically normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been shown to harbor CAFs which aid in the loco-regional recurrence of the lesion. Verrucous carcinoma (VC), a low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma, has a better clinical outcome.

Research Integrity at Risk: Predatory Journals Are a Growing Threat.

The desperation to publish among the scientific and academic community has reached new pinnacles and a new threat to academic integrity has surfaced in the form of predatory journals. These journals try to attract the young researchers with aggressive advertisements promising an early turnaround time for publication which is through absence of peer review and comes at a cost in the form of article processing fees. Predatory journals are an increasing menace affecting research integrity since they assist in author misconduct.

Tumor budding is a potential histopathological marker in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Current status and future prospects.

Tumor budding (TB) is a histopathologically evident feature that represents a scattered pattern of invasion consisting of isolated single tumor epithelial cells or tumor cells in small clusters (up to 5 cells) seen primarily at the invasive front dispersed within the stroma for variable distance. Presence of TB has been linked with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, distant metastasis and reduced survival in numerous cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Tumor buds are also considered as histopathological markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition which is a molecular process implicated as a hallmark for invasion and metastasis.

Role of immunoreactive patterns of lymph nodes in neck dissection cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical and histopathological study.

Objectives: Metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can occur in a variety of ways, and draining lymphatics and lymph nodes serve as a common route. Prior to metastasis, lymph nodes elicit an immune response to either wall off or create a favorable environment for homing of tumor cells. This immune response to tumor stimuli is visualized by recognizing various immunoreactive patterns exhibited by the lymph node.

Assessment of morphological parameters associated with neural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims: Neural invasion (NI) is a form of tumor spread distinct from lymphatic and vascular invasion. It has been correlated with aggressive behavior, disease recurrence and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of NI as a prognostic indicator, the mechanism and associated factors are poorly understood.

Assessment of cell block technique in head and neck pathology diagnoses: A preliminary study.

Objective: The head and neck region is a composite site made of multiple tissue components. These tissues when affected by disease or pathology present with an array of changes in the tissue architecture and pattern. It is essential to visualize the cellular details and tissue patterns for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Modified Alcohol-Formalin Cell Block Technique in Head and Neck Pathology Diagnosis.

Objectives: Cell block preparation is a recognized technique in histopathological diagnosis. This technique aids in maintaining an intact architecture and reducing the diagnostic errors associated with fine-needle aspiration cytology. Numerous techniques have been put forth, but the need for an optimal technique for routine use in the laboratory still persists.

Evaluation of paxillin expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the tenth most common cancer in the world. The diagnosis of OSCC remains problematic, especially in advanced-stage tumors.

Aims: The present study was conducted to understand the pattern of expression of paxillin in varying grades of carcinomas and also to ascertain whether its expression has an association with increasing grades.

Immunoexpression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Proteins E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, and N-Cadherin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Aims Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for acquisition of malignant phenotype, aggressiveness, and metastatic capacity in neoplasms. It is characterized by loss of epithelial markers and gain of mesenchymal markers. Studies on EMT and its potential association with the histological grading are sparse in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Histological assessment of cellular changes in postmortem gingival specimens for estimation of time since death.

Estimating the time after death is an important aspect of the role of a forensic expert. After death, the body undergoes substantial changes in its chemical and physical composition which can prove useful in providing an indication of the post-mortem interval. The most accurate estimate of the time of death is best achieved early in the post-mortem interval before the many environmental variables are able to affect the result.

Sex assessment efficacy of permanent maxillary first molar cusp dimensions in Indians.

Background: The human first maxillary molar provides clues about evolution and is functionally important. It has four main cusps, and each cusp has an independent growth pattern and different evolutionary background. Though less explored, the analysis based on measurement of each cusp appears to be more meaningful biologically than conventional measurements of the whole crown.

GLUT-1 immunoexpression in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma.

Glucose transporters, such as GLUT-1, mediate the important mechanisms involved in cellular glucose influx, allowing cells to proliferate and survive. The significance of GLUT-1 expression in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been less explored, and no study has investigated it in relation to verrucous carcinoma (VC). We evaluated 30 cases each of OED, OSCC, and VC, graded further on the basis of their differentiation, immunohistochemically for GLUT-1 expression, along with 10 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM) as controls.

Efficacy of stereomicroscope as an aid to histopathological diagnosis.

Unlabelled: Grossing and microscopic examination of the received specimens in a histopathological laboratory is a routine procedure for achieving a fi nal diagnosis. Errors in either of the steps may lead to an inaccurate diagnosis since wrong orientation of the specimen may either cause diagnostic delays or pose a diagnostic dilemma. Stereomicroscope is an important accessory instrument which can be used to study a variety of specimens.

Pentoxifylline in patients with oral submucous fibrosis-a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aim: As far as research regarding any disease is concerned, each and every aspect poses a challenge. One such entity that poses a challenge in our arena is oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) as no effective treatment is available for this progressively disabling condition with high malignant potential. Hence the present study was undertaken with the aim to determine the use of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the clinical and histopathologic course of OSF.