Correlations among visual analog scales, total nasal symptom scores, and peak nasal inspiratory flow in children with perennial allergic rhinitis.

Background: Visual analog scale (VAS) correlates well with total nasal symptom score (TNSS) but negatively correlates with peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) in adults with allergic rhinitis (AR). Small children may not rate VAS properly and parents usually help assess their child's symptoms. Data on the correlations among parent-assessed VAS (P-VAS), VAS, TNSS, and PNIF in children with AR was limited.

Utility of epitope-specific IgE, IgG4, and IgG1 antibodies for the diagnosis of wheat allergy.

Background: The bead-based epitope assay has been used to identify epitope-specific (es) antibodies and successfully used to diagnose clinical allergy to milk, egg, and peanut.

Objective: We sought to identify es-IgE, es-IgG4, and es-IgG1 of wheat proteins and determine the optimal peptides to differentiate wheat-allergic from wheat-tolerant using the bead-based epitope assay.

Methods: Children and adolescents who underwent an oral food challenge to confirm their wheat allergy status were enrolled.

Food allergy in a changing dietary landscape: A focus on the Asia Pacific region.

Recent studies have provided compelling evidence to suggest that various environmental factors play a significant role in the development of food allergies. As our society experiences rapid economic growth, increased urbanization, and a shift towards a more Westernized diet, the incidence of food allergies is also on the rise and the pattern is gradually evolving. This review will delve into the changes in the epidemiology of food allergies within the Asia-Pacific region and the various dietary practices and factors that are postulated to play a role in the rise in food allergies over the years.

Level of asthma control in children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, national lockdowns were implemented worldwide. Asthma control was reported to have improved. However, some patients lost follow-up from the clinic because they intended to avoid crowds at the hospital.

Perspectives and gaps in the management of food allergy and anaphylaxis in the Asia-Pacific Region.

Background: Food allergy (FA), which is a condition that has no effective cure and can result in severe life-threatening allergic reactions, remains a global public health concern; however, little is known about how FAs are currently managed in the Asia-Pacific region.

Objective: The main objective of this survey was to evaluate the epidemiology of FA, as well as the availability of resources and practices for management of FA and anaphylaxis by health care providers across Asia.

Methods: From June 2022 to September 2022, a questionnaire-based survey comprising 66 questions was electronically sent to member societies of the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology by using Survey Monkey.

Factor associated with food allergy among preschool children with atopic dermatitis, and resolution of atopic dermatitis.

Background: Food allergy (FA) has been reported in one-third of children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: To identify factor associated with food allergy among preschool children with AD, and to compare AD resolution between preschool children with and without FA.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using database registry and questionnaire interview was conducted at Siriraj Hospital(Bangkok, Thailand) during 2022, and physician-diagnosed AD children aged ≤ 6 years were enrolled.

Treatment Difficulties in Wheat Oral Immunotherapy and the Predictive Value of Wheat-Specific IgE.

Background: Factors associated with wheat oral immunotherapy (OIT) difficulties in patients with IgE-mediated wheat allergy have not been well studied.

Objective: We aimed to assess factors associated with difficulties in wheat OIT.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from children under 18 years of age with history of IgE-mediated wheat allergy who underwent wheat OIT.

Identifying the stability of a new wheat gliadin extract by protein analysis, skin tests and cell degranulation assay.

Background: The commercial wheat extract for skin prick test (SPT) provides less sensitivity to predict wheat allergy, compared to in-house gliadin extracts. SPT is a preferred method to study extract stability as it is the aim of developing extract. The role of cell degranulation assay, a functional assay with the same mechanism as SPT, is not widely used to determine extract stability.

Causal relationships among self-management behaviors, symptom control, health-related quality of life and the influencing factors among Thai adolescents with asthma.

Objective: To examine causal relationships among asthma self-management behaviors, asthma symptom control, health-related quality of life and the influencing factors among Thai adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. A total of 240 adolescent-caregiver dyads from three tertiary hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand was ultimately included.

Effects of a new amino acid, rice glucose polymer-based, and commercial amino acid-based formulas on growth and protein status of infants with cow's milk protein allergy.

Background: Infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) are at risk for nutrient inadequacy and impaired growth.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a new amino acid-based formula (nAAF) compared with commercial amino acid-based formula (cAAF) on growth and protein status of cow's milk protein (CMP)-allergic infants and to compare their growth with those of healthy infants.

Methods: Infants less than 6 months of age with CMPA were enrolled in the nAAF or cAAF groups.

The natural history of childhood-onset nonallergic rhinitis; a long-term follow-up study.

Background: Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is characterized by symptoms of nasal inflammation without allergic sensitization. The long-term outcome of NAR in children is poorly defined.

Objective: To determine the natural history of childhood-onset NAR and the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) in these children.

Children with wheat anaphylaxis and with low wheat specific IgE have a different IgE immunoblot pattern than those with high wheat specific IgE.

Background: Children with wheat anaphylaxis can present with a wide range of wheat-specific IgE (sIgE).

Objective: To identify differences in clinical features and predominant wheat allergens sensitized by these patients.

Methods: Children with history of wheat anaphylaxis were recruited.

Three novel homozygous mutations among two patients with leukocyte adhesion defect type-1: Two case reports.

Background: A leukocyte adhesion defect (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. LAD type 1 (LAD-1) is the most common, which is caused by mutation resulting in dysfunction of β2 integrin, which impairs leukocyte adherence to the endothelium.

Case Summary: The first two cases of LAD-1 in Thailand presented with recurrent omphalitis, soft tissue infection, marked leukocytosis, and neutrophilia.

Comprehending the allergen repertoire of shrimp for precision molecular diagnosis of shrimp allergy.

Background: Clinical management of shrimp allergy is hampered by the lack of accurate tests. Molecular diagnosis has been shown to more accurately reflect the clinical reactivity but the full spectrum of shrimp allergens and their clinical relevance are yet to be established. We therefore sought to comprehend the allergen repertoire of shrimp, investigate and compare the sensitization pattern and diagnostic value of the allergens in allergic subjects of two distinct populations.

Defining Biomarkers to Predict Natural Resolution in Shrimp Allergy.

Purpose: Tolerance to shrimp has been reported in some patients with a history of shrimp allergy. The predictors of the natural resolution of shrimp allergy have not been widely explored. This study aimed to investigate the role of specific IgE (sIgE) and specific IgG4 (sIgG4) to shrimp extracts and the cross-reactive shrimp allergens tropomyosin (TM), arginine kinase (AK) and myosin light-chain (MLC), as markers of persistent or resolved shrimp allergy (PSA or RSA).

Allergy education and training for physicians.

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases has placed a significant burden on global healthcare and society as whole. This has necessitated a rapid development of "allergy" as a specialist area. However, as allergy is so common and, for most, relatively easy to diagnose and control, all clinicians need to have basic knowledge and competence  to manage  mild disease and recognize when referral is required.

Harmonizing allergy care-integrated care pathways and multidisciplinary approaches.

There is a wide time gap between the publication of evidence and the application of new knowledge into routine clinical practice. The consequence is sub-optimal outcomes, particularly concerning for long-term relapsing/remitting conditions such as allergic diseases. In response, there has been a proliferation of published guidelines which systematically review evidence for the gold-standard management of most allergic disorders.

Omega-5 and Gamma Gliadin are the Major Allergens in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy: Results from Thai Cohort with Oral Food Challenge.

Background: Various clinical patterns based on routes of sensitization and sensitized allergens are reported in adult-onset IgE-mediated wheat allergy. There is still a paucity of data on IgE-bound wheat allergen profiles in wheat challenge-proven adult-onset wheat allergic cases. Therefore, we aim to identify the major sensitized allergens in Thai adult-onset wheat allergic patients whose first symptom occurred after the age of 18 years despite previous tolerance.

Prick and intradermal skin tests in patients with severe hymenoptera sting allergy using commercial versus in-house allergen extracts.

Background: Fire ant, honey bee, and wasp allergen extracts are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of severe Hymenoptera allergic patients.

Objective: To evaluate the result of skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal test (ID) compared between local and commercial insect allergen extracts in patients with severe Hymenoptera sting allergy.

Methods: SPT and ID using local and commercial insect allergen extracts were performed.

The role of the environment in shaping the trends of childhood asthma - An Asian perspective.

Asthma has now become one of the most common atopic disorders not only in developed countries but also in many developing countries. The etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In many Asian countries, the prevalence of asthma has also been documented by validated instruments to be increasing rapidly over the past two decades.

Exercise-food challenge test in patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Background: Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a severe and potentially life-threatening food allergy. Diagnosis of WDEIA is challenging because reactions are not always reproducible.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the positivity rate of exercise-food challenge test at our allergy unit in order to confirm the diagnosis, and to investigate the effect on the episode of reactions after the test.

Feasibility of a 3-step protocol of wheat oral immunotherapy in children with severe wheat allergy.

Background: Wheat allergy is not an uncommon event among Thai children. Despite strict avoidance, some patients developed reactions after accidental exposure to minute amount of wheat and thus disturbed their quality of life. Wheat oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been reported to be an alternative treatment for such patients.

Is mold sensitization associated with severe asthma exacerbation in children?

Background: Mold sensitization has been reported as a factor associated with severe asthma exacerbation (SAE).

Objective: To identify the factors associated with SAE in asthmatic children, particularly mold sensitization.

Methods: The asthmatic children recruited into this case-control study were classified into an SAE and an outpatient (OPD) group, based on their histories of asthma exacerbation with hospitalization in the preceding year.