Healthcare providers' intentions to engage in an interprofessional approach to shared decision-making in home care programs: a mixed methods study.

In an interprofessional approach to shared decision-making (IP-SDM), an interprofessional team collaborates in identifying best options and helps patients determine their preferences, enabling them to take more control over the treatment plan. However, little is known about fostering IP-SDM in Canada's healthcare system. Therefore, we sought to evaluate health professionals' intentions to engage in IP-SDM in home care and explore the factors associated with this intention.

Neuromedin U receptor 2 does not play a role in the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury in mice.

Background: Previous studies have identified neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2) as the subtype mediating the effects of neuromedin U on acute chemo-nociception induced by capsaicin or formalin injection. The aims of this study were to determine whether NMUR2 is required for the development of mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury or heat hypersensitivity after inflammation and whether there is a gender difference in the contribution of NMUR2 to nociception.

Methods: Mechanical sensitivity was assessed with von Frey filaments in wild type (WT) and NMUR2-null mice at baseline and following spared tibial nerve (STN) injury.

Functional genomics of the rat neuromedin U receptor 1 reveals a naturally occurring deleterious allele.

Neuromedin U (NMU) plays an important role in a number of physiological processes, but the relative contribution of its two known receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, is still poorly understood. Here we report the existence of a SNP T(1022)→A (Val(341)→Glu) in the third exon of the rat Nmur1 gene that leads to an inactive receptor. This SNP is present within the coding region of the highly conserved NPXXY motif found within all class A type G protein-coupled receptors and translates to an NMUR1 receptor that is not expressed on the cell surface.

A peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor agonist produces robust anti-nociceptive effects in rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Cannabinoids are analgesic in man, but their use is limited by their psychoactive properties. One way to avoid cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1R)-mediated central side-effects is to develop CB1R agonists with limited CNS penetration. Activation of peripheral CB1Rs has been proposed to be analgesic, but the relative contribution of peripheral CB1Rs to the analgesic effects of systemic cannabinoids remains unclear.

Role of rat sensory neuron-specific receptor (rSNSR1) in inflammatory pain: contribution of TRPV1 to SNSR signaling in the pain pathway.

Sensory neuron-specific receptors (SNSRs) belong to a large family of GPCRs, known as Mrgs (Mas-related genes), many of which are preferentially expressed in primary afferent nociceptors. Selective SNSR agonists produce pain-like behaviors in rats, showing that SNSR activation is sufficient to produce pain. However, it is unknown whether SNSR activation is necessary for pain either in the normal condition or in pathological pain states.

The dopamine agonist piribedil with L-DOPA improves attentional dysfunction: relevance for Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive deficits are often associated with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. This study investigates the ability of piribedil ([(methylenedioxy-3,4 benzyl)-4 pyperazinyl-1]-2 pyrimidine), a D(2)/D(3) dopamine (DA) receptor agonist with antagonist activity at alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors, to restore motor and attentional deficits in nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Subjects were trained to depress a lever, detect a stimulus occurring after variable foreperiods, and release the lever quickly afterward.

Interacting genetic loci cause airway hyperresponsiveness.

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key physiological component of asthma, and the genetic basis of this complex trait has remained elusive. We created recombinant congenic mice with increased naive AHR by serially backcrossing A/J mice (which have elevated naive AHR) with C57BL/6J mice and selecting for mice with an elevated naive AHR phenotype. The seventh backcross-generation hyperresponsive mice retained A/J loci in three regions.

Sensory neuron-specific receptor activation elicits central and peripheral nociceptive effects in rats.

The sensory neuron-specific G protein coupled receptors (SNSRs) have been described as a family of receptors whose expression in small diameter sensory neurons in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia suggests an implication in nociception. To date, the physiological function(s) of SNSRs remain unknown. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of rat SNSR1 activation on nociception in rats.

Widely expressed transcripts for chemokine receptor CXCR1 in identified glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic, and cholinergic neurons and astrocytes of the rat brain: a single-cell reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction study.

Increasing evidence suggests that the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8/CXCL8 plays important roles in CNS development, neuronal survival, modulation of excitability, and neuroimmune response. Recently, we have shown that CXCL8 can acutely modulate ion channel activity in septal neurons expressing receptors CXCR1 and/or CXCR2. This was a surprising finding, insofar as CXCR1 expression had not been described for the mammalian brain.

Pro-nociceptive effects of neuromedin U in rat.

The neuropeptide neuromedin U (NMU) has been shown to have significant effects on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and CNS functions. The peptide was first isolated from the porcine spinal cord and later shown to be present in spinal cords of other species. Little is known about the distribution of neuromedin U receptors (NMURs) in the spinal cord and the spinal action of the peptide.

The chemokine interleukin-8 acutely reduces Ca(2+) currents in identified cholinergic septal neurons expressing CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptor mRNAs.

The chemokine IL-8 is known to be synthesized by glial cells in the brain. It has traditionally been shown to have an important role in neuroinflammation but recent evidence indicates that it may also be involved in rapid signaling in neurons. We investigated how IL-8 participates in rapid neuronal signaling by using a combination of whole-cell recording and single-cell RT-PCR on dissociated rat septal neurons.

Hippocampal theta rhythm in anesthetized rats: role of AMPA glutamate receptors.

The present study describes the effects of intraseptal infusions of 1 nmol AMPA and 12 nmol NBQX on both frequency and amplitude of physostigmine-induced theta rhythm in urethane-anesthetized rats. Infusion of AMPA increased the theta frequency. This effect was blocked by a prior infusion of NBQX.

Nicotine improves memory in an object recognition task in rats.

Nicotine was investigated for its mnemonic effect in a two trials object recognition task. In the first trial, two copies of the same object were presented. In the second trial (24 h after), one of the familiar object and a new object were presented.

Intraseptal infusions of a low dose of AP5, a NMDA receptor antagonist, improves memory in an object recognition task in rats.

The present study describes the effects of intraseptal microinjections of 2 nmol of AP5 upon memory of rats subjected to a two trial object recognition task. This task allows us to detect either a disruption or an improvement of memory according to the duration of the interval between the sample trial (T1) and the choice trial (T2). AP5 injected before T1 did not disrupt memory in a schedule able to detect an amnesia.

Effects of intraseptal infusions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ligands on memory in an object recognition task in rats.

The present study describes the effects of intraseptal microinjections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or AP5, an agonist and an antagonist of the NMDA receptors, respectively, upon memory of rats. Animals were injected with the drug or vehicle immediately after the first exposure to two identical objects, and the duration of exploration of the familiar and a new object were evaluated 45 min or 24 h later. Vehicle-treated rats explored the new object longer than the familiar object when the intertrial time was 45 min, indicating that they remembered the familiar object, but not when the intertrial time was 24 h.

Relations between acetylcholine release and electrophysiological characteristics of theta rhythm: a microdialysis study in the urethane-anesthetized rat hippocampus.

In urethane-anesthetized rats, recording electrodes were implanted in the left dorsal hippocampus and a dialysis probe was placed in the contralateral dorsal or ventral hippocampus. Samples of extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels were assessed at 10-min intervals over a period of 30 min using microdialysis with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. EEG was recorded during the same period and amplitude, frequency, and duration of theta rhythm were calculated for each of the three 10-min intervals.

Intraseptal infusion of selective and competitive glutamate receptor agonist NMDA and antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid spectral implications for the physostigmine-induced hippocampal theta rhythm in urethane-anesthetized rats.

Theta (theta) rhythm may be mediated, at least in part, by a glutamate neurotransmitter. Thus, in the present study, it was hypothesized that the septum glutamatergic NMDA receptor subtype may be involved in the modulation of physostigmine-induced theta rhythm. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed, in the urethane-anesthetized rat, the effects of septum application of NMDA and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), selective and competitive NMDA agonist and antagonist, respectively, on the spectral characteristics of hippocampal theta rhythm elicited by intravenous injection of a anticholinesterase agent, physostigmine.

Involvement of M2 and non-M2 muscarinic receptors in hippocampal theta rhythm induced by carbachol infusion into the septum of the rat.

Binding and autoradiographic studies have shown the presence of a rather high density of M2 muscarinic subtype receptors and the apparent absence or low density of the M1 subtype in the septum. We tested the hypothesis that, in the urethane-anesthetized rat, septal M2 receptors are involved in the generation of the hippocampal theta (theta) rhythm induced by intraseptal administration of carbachol, a potent cholinomimetic agent. Carbachol-induced theta was blocked by local infusion of the unspecific muscarinic antagonist agent, atropine (20 micrograms (29.