Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: phenotype, predictors, and pathophysiology of perinatal events.

Purpose: There is limited data regarding Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome (PSIS) from India. Moreover, the pathophysiological link between perinatal events and PSIS is unclear. We aim to elucidate the predictors of PSIS among patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and perinatal events in PSIS by comparing cohorts of PSIS and genetically proven GHD without PSIS.

POU1F1 mutations in combined pituitary hormone deficiency: differing spectrum of mutations in a Western-Indian cohort and systematic analysis of world literature.

Context: POU1F1 mutations are prevalent in Indian CPHD cohorts. Genotype-phenotype correlation is not well-studied.

Aim: To describe phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of POU1F1 mutations in our CPHD cohort and present systematic review as well as genotype-phenotype analysis of all mutation-positive cases reported in world literature.

Genetic spectrum and predictors of mutations in four known genes in Asian Indian patients with growth hormone deficiency and orthotopic posterior pituitary: an emphasis on regional genetic diversity.

Context: Regional variation in prevalence of genetic mutations in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is known.

Aim: Study phenotype and prevalence of mutations in GH1, GHRHR, POU1F1, PROP1 genes in GHD cohort.

Methods: One hundred and two patients {Isolated GHD (IGHD): 79; combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD): 23} with orthotopic posterior pituitary were included.

Sellar surprises: a single-centre experience of unusual sellar masses.

Background: Most common incidentally detected sellar-suprasellar region (SSR) masses are pituitary adenomas, followed by craniopharyngioma, rathke's cleft cyst, hypophysitis, and meningioma. Besides these, certain unusual SSR lesions can sometimes present as diagnostic challenges, where diagnosis is often made post-operatively on histopathology, the pre-operative suspicion of which might have influenced the management strategies. Series describing such masses are few.

Tumor induced osteomalacia in head and neck region: single center experience and systematic review.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia in the head and neck region remains a challenging diagnosis to manage. Literature pertaining to management and outcome details remains sparse. We describe two cohorts: cohort 1 included seven patients from a single center in Western India with tumors located in paranasal sinuses (n = 3), intracranial (n = 2) and maxilla (n = 2).

Should metformin still be the first-line of treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus? A comprehensive review and suggested algorithm.

For more than a century, the high occurrences of coronary and peripheral artery diseases in diabetes mellitus patients has been well recognised; despite that, the ability to improve CV event rates by optimizing glycaemic control has remained elusive. Nevertheless, the last decade has seen several cardiovascular outcome clinical trials (CVOTs) of many antihyperglycemic agents that reported promising results for cardiovascular and renal outcomes. This leads to a hot debate on the ideal drug choice for first-line treatment in T2DM.

Liraglutide effect in reducing HbA1c and weight in Arab population with type2 diabetes, a prospective observational trial.

Background: The pathophysiology of type2 diabetes differs between different ethnic groups. Asians develop type2 diabetes at younger age, lower body mass index, and in relatively short time. Not only that, some ethnicities have different responses and dosing regimens to different classes of anti-diabetic agents.